charity的词源

英文词源

charity (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
mid-12c., "benevolence for the poor," from Old French charité "(Christian) charity, mercy, compassion; alms; charitable foundation" (12c., Old North French carité), from Latin caritatem (nominative caritas) "costliness, esteem, affection" (in Vulgate often used as translation of Greek agape "love" -- especially Christian love of fellow man -- perhaps to avoid the sexual suggestion of Latin amor), from carus "dear, valued," from PIE *karo-, from root *ka- "to like, desire" (see whore (n.)).

Vulgate also sometimes translated agape by Latin dilectio, noun of action from diligere "to esteem highly, to love" (see diligence).
Wyclif and the Rhemish version regularly rendered the Vulgate dilectio by 'love,' caritas by 'charity.' But the 16th c. Eng. versions from Tindale to 1611, while rendering agape sometimes 'love,' sometimes 'charity,' did not follow the dilectio and caritas of the Vulgate, but used 'love' more often (about 86 times), confining 'charity' to 26 passages in the Pauline and certain of the Catholic Epistles (not in I John), and the Apocalypse .... In the Revised Version 1881, 'love' has been substituted in all these instances, so that it now stands as the uniform rendering of agape. [OED]
Sense of "charitable foundation or institution" in English attested by 1690s.

中文词源

charity(慈善):基督徒对人类同胞的爱

与犹太教强调“敬畏上帝”的信仰不同,基督教信仰的核心是“仁爱”。在犹太教圣典 《旧约》中以“严父”形象出现的“上帝”,在基督教圣典《新约》中变成了一个“慈父”。出于对人类的爱,上帝不惜献出自己的独子耶稣来为人类赎罪。因此, 作为一个基督徒,要坚守的首要信仰就是对人类同胞的爱。

公元四世纪,圣·罗姆(St. Jerome)在将《新约》从希腊语翻译为拉丁语。在翻译希腊版《新约》中的agape(爱)一词时,他没有将其翻译为拉丁语中常用来表示“爱”的 amor,因为amor表达的是“世俗情爱”,而无法表达出上帝对人类、基督徒对同胞的爱。因此,他最后选择了拉丁语caritatem一词。 caritatem是动词caritas的名词形式,而后者是“珍惜、重视、钟爱”的意思。

英语单词charity就源自拉丁语caritatem。由于《新约》的影响,该词含有浓厚的宗教色彩,表示上帝对人类、基督徒对同胞的爱,与性无关的爱,可译为“博爱”。基督徒在举行各种募捐慈善活动时,通常以此为由。因此,charity又衍生出“慈善、施舍”之意。

charity: ['tʃærɪtɪ] n.慈善,施舍,慈善团体,宽容,博爱

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:charity 词源,charity 含义。

charity:慈善

发音释义:['tʃærɪtɪ] n. 慈善,施舍,慈善机构

词源解释:来自古法语charité←拉丁语caritatem(n.钟爱)←caritas(v.钟爱)

公元四世纪,圣•罗姆(St. Jerome)在将《新约》从希腊语翻译为拉丁语。在翻译希腊版《新约》中的agape(爱)一词时,他没有将其翻译为拉丁语中常用来表示“爱”的amor,因为amor表达的是“世俗情爱”,而无法表达出上帝对人类、基督徒对同胞的爱。因此,他最后选择了拉丁语caritatem一词,意思是“珍惜、重视、钟爱”。

英语单词charity就源自拉丁语caritatem。由于《新约》的影响,该词含有浓厚的宗教色彩,表示上帝对人类、基督徒对同胞的爱,与性无关的爱,可译为“博爱”。基督徒在举行各种募捐慈善活动时,通常以此为由。因此,charity又衍生出“慈善、施舍”之意。

衍生词:charitable(仁慈的、博爱的)

charity:慈善

来自PIE*karo, 珍爱,爱,词源同caress, whore. 后指对穷人的仁爱或善举。

charity:仁慈,慈善(团体),施舍

词根词缀: chary(y变i)小心 + -ty名词词尾