character的词源

英文词源

character

character: [14] The ultimate source of character is Greek kharaktér, a derivative of the verb kharássein ‘sharpen, engrave, cut’, which in turn came from kharax ‘pointed stake’. Kharaktér meant ‘engraved mark’, and hence was applied metaphorically to the particular impress or stamp which marked one thing as different from another – its ‘character’. The word came into English via Latin charactēr and Old French caractere. Characteristic followed in the 17th century.
=> gash

character (n.)

mid-14c., carecter, "symbol marked or branded on the body;" mid-15c., "symbol or drawing used in sorcery," from Old French caratere "feature, character" (13c., Modern French caractère), from Latin character, from Greek kharakter "engraved mark," also "symbol or imprint on the soul," also "instrument for marking," from kharassein "to engrave," from kharax "pointed stake," from PIE root *gher- (4) "to scrape, scratch." Meaning extended in ancient times by metaphor to "a defining quality."

You remember Eponina, who kept her husband alive in an underground cavern so devotedly and heroically? The force of character she showed in keeping up his spirits would have been used to hide a lover from her husband if they had been living quietly in Rome. Strong characters need strong nourishment. [Stendhal "de l'Amour," 1822]

Meaning "sum of qualities that define a person" is from 1640s. Sense of "person in a play or novel" is first attested 1660s, in reference to the "defining qualities" he or she is given by the author. Meaning "a person" in the abstract is from 1749; especially "eccentric person" (1773). Colloquial sense of "chap, fellow" is from 1931. The Latin ch- spelling was restored from 1500s. Character actor attested from 1861; character assassination from 1888; character-building (n.) from 1886.

中文词源

character（性格）：环境在人的身心留下的印记

英语单词character来自希腊语kharakter，本意是“刻下的印记”， 来自kharax（尖头的棍子）。由此产生了character的基本含义“符号、印记”。古代希腊人认为，环境和人的成长经历会在人的身心留下印记，从 而使其具有与众不同的性格特征，因此character又衍生出“性格、个性、特征”的含义。在文学、戏剧等艺术作品中，作者通过对人物性格的刻画，从而 塑造出个性鲜明的人物，这种“人物角色”也被称为character。

character：['kærəktə] n.性格，品质，特性，角色，符号，字符，印记vt.印、刻，使具有特征

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：character 词源，character 含义。

character：特色，个性

来自PIE*gher, 刻，写，刮, 进一步来自PIE*sker, 切，砍，词源同carve, graph, scribe. 即刻进骨子里的特征。

character：特征；性格；角色；符号

来源于希腊语kharakter(雕刻,刻记号以区分)

词义辨异：person 人 → personality 个性character 人物 → character 特性