chancellor的词源
英文词源
- chancellor
- chancellor: [11] Etymologically, a chancellor was an attendant or porter who stood at the cancellī, or ‘lattice-work bar’, of a court in Roman times – hence the Latin term cancellārius. Over the centuries the cancellārius’s status rose to court secretary, in due course with certain legal functions. The word came into English, via Anglo-Norman canceler or chanceler, in the time of Edward the Confessor, denoting the king’s official secretary, a post which developed into that of Lord Chancellor, head of the English judiciary.
The court over which he presides, Chancery, gets its name by alteration from Middle English chancellerie, which came from an Old French derivative of chancelier ‘chancellor’. The word’s ultimate source, Latin cancellī ‘cross-bars, lattice, grating’ (a diminutive form of cancer ‘lattice’), came to be applied to the part of a church or other building separated off by such a screen: hence, via Old French, English chancel ‘part of a church containing the altar and choir’ [14].
And a metaphorical application of the notion of a lattice or bars crossing each other has given English cancel [14], via Latin cancellāre and Old French canceller, which originally meant ‘cross something out’.
=> cancel, chancel - chancellor (n.)
- early 12c., from Old French chancelier (12c.), from Late Latin cancellarius "keeper of the barrier, secretary, usher of a law court," so called because he worked behind a lattice (Latin cancellus) at a basilica or law court (see chancel). In the Roman Empire, a sort of court usher; the post gradually gained importance in the Western kingdoms. A variant form, canceler, existed in Old English, from Old North French, but was replaced by this central French form.
中文词源
英语单词chancellor来自拉丁语cancellarius，后者来自cancellus（方格栏杆，教堂中分隔听众和讲坛的栏杆），原指教堂中负责开关栏杆、引导座位的人。因为他坐在栏杆（cancellus）旁边，所以被称为cancellarius。后来cancellarius的职责范围还包括文书记录，工作场所除了教堂还包括法庭。该词进入英语后变成chancellor，表示国王的秘书。在现代西方国家，chancellor可以表示众多职务，包括：政府首脑，如德国、奥地利和瑞士的政府首脑就是chancellor，译为“总理”；外交部长，如南美等国；此外还可以表示与司法相关的一些政府职务。
chancellor： ['tʃɑːns(ə)lə] n.总理，大臣，校长，大法官
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：chancellor 词源，chancellor 含义。
发音释义：['tʃɑːns(ə)lə] n.（德、奥等的）总理；（英）大臣；（美国某些大学的）校长；（英）大法官；（美）首席法官
结构分析：chancellor = chancell（栏杆）+or（人）→坐在栏杆旁边的人→总理
词源解释：chancell←拉丁语cancellus（方格栏杆）
同源词：cancel（撤销，打叉←形状如同斜方格栏杆的叉号），chancel（教堂中的高坛←用方格栏杆隔开的区域）
拉丁语cancellus（方格栏杆）指的是教堂中分隔听众和高坛的栏杆。坐在栏杆旁边、负责开关栏杆、引导座位的人就是cancellarius，这就是英语chancellor的起源。cancellarius还相当于是个书记官，负责教堂的文书记录。后来，该词还表示法庭中的书记官。该词进入英语后变成chancellor，表示国王的秘书。在现代西方国家，chancellor可以表示众多职务，包括：政府首脑，如德国、奥地利和瑞士的政府首脑就是chancellor，译为“总理”；外交部长，如南美等国；此外还可以表示与司法相关的一些政府职务。
来自拉丁词cancellus, 斜栅。词源同cancel, chancery. 原指法庭入口斜栅处的引导员，后词义不断扩大，代指各部门的高官。比较marshal, 将军，原指国王马夫。
来源于拉丁语中cancelli(法庭的格子;教堂的屏风)派生的cancellarius(站在格子或屏风中的人→法庭秘书)。
同源词：cancel, chancel
