cavalier的词源
英文词源
- cavalier
- cavalier: [16] Etymologically, a cavalier is a ‘horseman’. The word comes via French cavalier from Italian cavaliere, which was derived from Latin caballus ‘horse’, either directly or via late Latin caballārius ‘horseman, rider’. From the beginning in English its connotations were not those of any old horserider, but of a mounted soldier or even a knight, and before the end of the 16th century the more general meaning ‘courtly gentleman’ was establishing itself.
This led in the mid-17th century to its being applied on the one hand to the supporters of Charles I, and on the other as an adjective meaning ‘disdainful’. Italian cavaliere was also the source of cavalleria ‘body of horsesoldiers’, which was borrowed into English in the 16th century, via French cavallerie, as cavalry. (The parallel form routed directly through French rather than via Italian was chivalry.)
=> cavalry, chivalry - cavalier (n.)
- 1580s, from Italian cavalliere "mounted soldier, knight; gentleman serving as a lady's escort," from Late Latin caballarius "horseman," from Vulgar Latin caballus, the common Vulgar Latin word for "horse" (and source of Italian cavallo, French cheval, Spanish caballo, Irish capall, Welsh ceffyl), displacing Latin equus (see equine).
Sense advanced in 17c. to "knight," then "courtly gentleman" (but also, pejoratively, "swaggerer"), which led to the adjectival senses, especially "disdainful" (1650s). Meaning "Royalist adherent of Charles I" is from 1641. Meaning "one who devotes himself solely to attendance on a lady" is from 1817, roughly translating Italian cavaliere-servente. In classical Latin caballus was "work horse, pack horse," sometimes, disdainfully, "hack, nag." "Not a native Lat. word (as the second -a- would show), though the source of the borrowing is uncertain" [Tucker]. Perhaps from some Balkan or Anatolian language, and meaning, originally, "gelding." The same source is thought to have yielded Old Church Slavonic kobyla. - cavalier (adj.)
- "disdainful," 1650s, from cavalier (n.). Earlier it meant "gallant" (1640s). Related: Cavalierly.
中文词源
发音释义：[,kævə'lɪə] n.骑士；武士；绅士；有骑士精神的男人；男伴adj.勇敢的；傲慢的；漫不经心的
结构分析：cavalier = cavali（马）+er（的人）→骑马的人→骑士
词源解释：cavali←通俗拉丁语caballus（马）
同源词：chevalier（骑士）；cavalry（骑兵、骑兵部队）
单词knight、cavalier、chevalier、cavalry都含有“骑士”的含义，区别在于：knight来自古英语，表示“骑士”这种贵族身份，不是随便找匹马骑上去就是knight。chevalier和knight差不多，都表示贵族身份。但chevalier来自法语，所以指的是法国的“骑士”。cavalier来自意大利，不是贵族身份，仅仅表示骑兵、骑手，后来才衍生出“绅士”、“有骑士精神的男人”之意，但并非贵族身份或荣誉称号。cavalry则完全是固守本意，仅仅表示骑兵、骑兵部队这种兵种，骑兵兵种消亡后表示装甲兵种。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：cavalier 词源，cavalier 含义。
来自拉丁词caballus, 马。即骑马的战士。
来自cavalier, 骑士。后用于贬义，自以人高人一等的。比较chivalrous, 彬彬有礼的。
