caucus: "This noun is used throughout the United States, as a cant term for those meetings, which are held by the different political parties, for the purpose of agreeing upon candidates for office, or concerting any measure, which they intend to carry at the subsequent public, or town meetings." [John Pickering, "A Vocabulary, or Collection of Words and Phrases Which Have Been Supposed to be Peculiar to the United States of America," Boston, 1816]
The word caucus, and its derivative caucusing, are often used in Boston. The last answers much to what we stile parliamenteering or electioneering. All my repeated applications to different gentlemen have not furnished me with a satisfactory account of the origin of caucus. It seems to mean, a number of persons, whether more or less, met together to consult upon adopting and prosecuting some scheme of policy, for carrying a favorite point. [William Gordon, "History, Rise, Progress, and Establishment of the Independence of the United States of America," London, 1788]
caucus是美国的一个政治术语，是在提名政党的总统候选人或党代会代表时，各地党组织所召开的闭门会议，通常由各地的政党领导和骨干成员参加，由他们经过协商推选本党的总统候选人或党代会代表，普通党员被排除在外。从20世纪初开始，通过caucus产生党内候选人和党代表的方法逐渐被党内初选（primary）所取代。初选的主要目的是让广大普通党员参与候选人的提名和党代表产生的过程，削弱当地政党大佬对选务和党务的过分影响，也就是实现“党内民主”。现在，美国还有一些州依然采用caucus的做法，但已经变得更加开放，普通党员也可以参与。现在，caucus与初选制度的主要不同在于，初选是所有党员直接投票，而caucus并不采用直接投票，而是采用充分讨论、多轮投票的方式，比初选方式更加费时费力，但选举质量更高。
关于caucus一词的来源，众说纷纭，尚无定论。《美国传统词典》（American Heritage Dictionary）认为，它可能来自殖民地时期波士顿一家政党俱乐部的名称Caucus Club。该俱乐部的名称可能来自中世纪拉丁语caucus，意为“酒具、酒器”。也可能来自美国阿尔冈昆印第安语，意思是“部落长老”。
caucus：['kɔkəs] n.党团会议，干部会议，核心会议vi.召开党团会议
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：caucus 词源，caucus 含义。
可能来自北美印第安土著语，义为长者。