category的词源

英文词源

categoryyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
category: [15] The word category has a rather complicated semantic history. It comes ultimately from Greek katēgorein ‘accuse’, a compound formed from the prefix katá- ‘against’ and agorá ‘public assembly’ (source of English agoraphobia and related to gregarious) – hence ‘speak against publicly’. ‘Accuse’ gradually became weakened in meaning to ‘assert, name’, and the derived noun katēgoríā was applied by Aristotle to the enumeration of all classes of things that can be named – hence ‘category’. The word reached English via late Latin catēgoria or French catégorie.
=> agoraphobia, gregarious, panegyric
category (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1580s, from Middle French catégorie, from Late Latin categoria, from Greek kategoria "accusation, prediction, category," verbal noun from kategorein "to speak against; to accuse, assert, predicate," from kata "down to" (or perhaps "against;" see cata-) + agoreuein "to harangue, to declaim (in the assembly)," from agora "public assembly" (see agora). Original sense of "accuse" weakened to "assert, name" by the time Aristotle applied kategoria to his 10 classes of things that can be named.
category should be used by no-one who is not prepared to state (1) that he does not mean class, & (2) that he knows the difference between the two .... [Fowler]

中文词源

category(种类):亚里士多德提出的“范畴”

古希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德在其哲学著作中提出了“范畴”(category)这个术语,“范畴”指的是“可用来描述、断言一个主体的最基本的概念”。亚里士多德总结了十种“范畴”(基本概念):本质、量、质、关系、地点、时间、位置、状态、活动、遭受。

在其著作中,亚里士多德使用了希腊语kategoria来 表示“范畴”。kategoria原本是一个法律术语,表示“指控、断言”。它由kata(=cata,表示down to或against)+agoreuein(当众宣称)构成。英语单词category就来源于希腊语kategoria,原本表示“范畴”。因为“范 畴”代表的是一个基本概念,每一个范畴都代表一类具体事物,如“人”这个范畴就代表了一类生物,所以在非哲学场合,category常用来表示“种类”。

category:['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] 种类,类别,范畴

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:category 词源,category 含义。

category:范畴

发音释义:['kætəɡɔri] n.类别;范畴

结构分析:category = cate(下去、针对)+gory(公开演讲)→公开指控、断言→范畴

词源解释:cate←希腊语kata(下去、彻底);gory←希腊语agoreuein(公开的话)←希腊语agora(集市)

同源词:catalogue(目录);allegory(寓言←带有两层含义的公开的话)

category来自希腊语kategoria,原本是一个法律术语,表示“指控、断言”。古希腊哲学家亚里士多德首次使用该词来表示“可用来描述、断言一个主体的最基本的概念”,中文翻译为“范畴”。亚里士多德总结了十种“范畴”(基本概念):本质、量、质、关系、地点、时间、位置、状态、活动、遭受。

衍生词:categorical(分类的;无条件的←与范畴(基本概念)相关的)

category:类别

cata-, 向下,相对。-agora, 广场,公开说,公开演讲,见allegory, 寓言。原指在广场发表演讲,叙述。后古希腊哲学家亚里士多德用该词描述类别,种类,使之固定为现在的词义。

category:种类,类别 

来源于希腊语中由前缀kata-(相反,反对)和词汇agora(公共集会)组成的复合词kategorein(公开指责)。“指责”的意义逐步弱化而变化为“断言;命名”。经派生的希腊语词汇kategoria(种类,类别)和法语categorie进入英语。

词根词缀: cat-相反,反对 + egory公共集会