castle的词源

英文词源

castle

castle: [11] Castle was one of the first words borrowed by the English from their Norman conquerors: it is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon chronicle only nine years after the battle of Hastings. It comes via Anglo-Norman castel from Latin castellum, a diminutive form of castrum ‘fort’ (which was acquired by Old English as ceaster, and now appears in English place-names as -caster or -chester). The Old French version of castel, chastel, produced modern French château, and also its derivative châtelaine, borrowed into English in the 19th century.
=> château

castle (n.)

late Old English castel "village" (this sense from a biblical usage in Vulgar Latin); later "large fortified building, stronghold," in this sense from Old North French castel (Old French chastel, 12c.; Modern French château), from Latin castellum "a castle, fort, citadel, stronghold; fortified village," diminutive of castrum "fort," from Proto-Italic *kastro- "part, share;" cognate with Old Irish cather, Welsh caer "town" (and perhaps related to castrare via notion of "cut off;" see caste). In early bibles, castle was used to translate Greek kome "village."

This word also had come to Old English as ceaster and formed the -caster and -chester in place names. Spanish alcazar "castle" is from Arabic al-qasr, from Latin castrum. Castles in Spain translates 14c. French chastel en Espaigne (the imaginary castles sometimes stood in Brie, Asia, or Albania) and probably reflects the hopes of landless knights to establish themselves abroad. The statement that an (English) man's home is his castle is from 16c.

castle (v.)

move in chess, recorded under this name from 1650s, from castle (n.), as an old alternative name for the rook, one of the pieces moved. Related: Castled; castling.

中文词源

castle：城堡

来自PIE *kes, 砍，切，进一步来自PIE*sek, 词源同saw, segment。原指自成体系的村庄，后指城堡。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：castle 词源，castle 含义。

castle：城璧　　

意指“城堡”的castle 一词源自拉丁文castrum的指小形式castelum，原义为fort（要塞）或camp（营地）。英国有不少城名或村名是以caster／chester／cester等结尾，例如Lancaster，Winchester，Worcester等，这些词尾均含castle之义，说明这些地方古时曾作为罗马人的设营地。