carve的词源

英文词源

carve: carve: [OE] Originally, carve meant simply ‘cut’. That sense died out in the 16th century, leaving the more specialized ‘cut or incise decoratively’ and later ‘cut up meat at table’. Related words in other Germanic languages, such as Dutch kerven, point to a prehistoric West Germanic *kerfan, which is probably ultimately linked to Greek gráphein ‘write’ (source of English graphic), whose original notion was ‘scratch or incise on a surface’.
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carve (v.): Old English ceorfan (class III strong verb; past tense cearf, past participle corfen) "to cut, cut down, slay; to carve, cut out, engrave," from West Germanic *kerfan (cognates: Old Frisian kerva, Middle Dutch and Dutch kerven, German kerben "to cut, notch"), from PIE root *gerbh- "to scratch," making carve the English cognate of Greek graphein "to write," originally "to scratch" on clay tablets with a stylus.

Once extensively used, most senses now usurped by cut (v.). Meaning specialized to sculpture, meat, etc., by 16c. Related: Carved; carving. Original strong conjugation has been abandoned, but archaic carven lingers.

来自PIE *sker, 砍，切，刻，词源同graph ,shear ,scribe.

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：carve 词源，carve 含义。

词根graph-指“写，画”，同根词有graph（图表），biography（传记）等。原始的书写形式，是用尖物在黏土板上刻划；词源上“刻”和“写”也是统一的，单词carve（雕刻）和词根graph-（写）同源，来自同一印欧词根。f、v音变：brief（简短的）—abbreviate（缩写）。