cant的词源
英文词源
- cant
- cant: English has two separate words cant. The older, ‘oblique angle’ [14], originally meant ‘edge’, and appears to have come via Middle Low German kant or Middle Dutch cant, both meaning ‘edge’ or ‘corner’, from Vulgar Latin *canto, a descendant of Latin cantus ‘iron tyre’. which was probably of Celtic origin (Welsh cant means ‘rim’).
The accusative case of the Vulgar Latin word, *cantōnem, was the source of English canton [16], originally ‘corner, section’, now ‘territorial pision’; while its Italian descendant, canto, may be the source of Italian cantina ‘cellar’, from which English got canteen [18]. Cant ‘thieves’ jargon’ or ‘hypocritical talk’ [16] was probably originally a specific application of the Latin verb cantāre ‘sing’ (source also of English chant, canto, cantor, cantata, and canticle).
It is usually assumed that the usage derives from an ironic transference of the singing of church congregations or choirs to the wheedling ‘song’ of beggars and (by association) thieves.
=> canteen, canton; cantata, cantor, chant - cant (n.1)
- "insincere talk," 1709, earlier it was slang for "whining of beggars" (1640s), from the verb in this sense (1560s), from Old North French canter (Old French chanter) "to sing, chant," from Latin cantare, frequentative of canere "to sing" (see chant (v.)). Sense in English developed after 1680 to mean the jargon of criminals and vagabonds, thence applied contemptuously by any sect or school to the phraseology of its rival.
... Slang is universal, whilst Cant is restricted in usage to certain classes of the community: thieves, vagrom men, and -- well, their associates. ... Slang boasts a quasi-respectability denied to Cant, though Cant is frequently more enduring, its use continuing without variation of meaning for many generations. [John S. Farmer, Forewords to "Musa Pedestris," 1896]
- cant (n.2)
- "slope, slant," late 14c., Scottish, "edge, brink," from Old North French cant "corner" (perhaps via Middle Low German kante or Middle Dutch kant), from Vulgar Latin *canthus, from Latin cantus "iron tire of a wheel," possibly from a Celtic word meaning "rim of wheel, edge" (compare Welsh cant "bordering of a circle, tire, edge," Breton cant "circle"), from PIE *kam-bo- "corner, bend," from root *kemb- "to bend, turn, change" (cognates: Greek kanthos "corner of the eye," Russian kutu "corner").
中文词源
发音释义：[kænt] n.言不由衷的话；伪善的话；隐语；黑话；行话vi.讲黑话；讲言不由衷的话adj.黑话的；行话的；假仁假义的
词源解释：来自拉丁语cantere，是canere（吟唱）的反复形式
同源词：chant（吟唱）
cant与chant（吟唱）同源，形容“小和尚念经，有口无心”，核心意思是“与字面意思不同的话”，如乞丐讨钱时说的话、与人寒暄时的客套话、假仁假义的话，以及黑话、隐语等。
词组习语：thieves' cant（盗贼的黑话）；cant of diplomacy（外交辞令）；politician's cant（言不由衷的话）；cant about（言不由衷地谈论）
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：cant 词源，cant 含义。
发音释义：[kænt] n..斜坡，斜面v.（使）倾斜；斜穿adj.有斜面的；斜穿的
词源解释：cant←苏格兰语cant（边缘）←古法语cant（角落）←拉丁语cantus（车轮的铁圈）
1.伪善言辞，词源同chant, 唱，吟唱。
2.倾斜，来自PIE *kemb, 弯，转，词源同camber, change,decant.
cant来源于拉丁语cantus‘song’（歌）或cantare‘to sing’（唱）。和多数同根词如cantata（大合唱），canticle（圣歌），cantilation（吟咏），chant（赞美诗）等不一样，该词自中世纪进入英语之时起就被赋予了贬抑含义。翻开辞书一看，我们可以发现cant的词义，诸如“伪善言词”、“（下层社会的）黑话”、“言不由衷之词”、“（乞丐等的）吟唱式哀诉”，几乎无一不带贬抑色彩。造成这一情况的因素有三，均与早先的基督教会有些联系。其一，一些牧师在做弥撒时只会机械地履行职责，不太注意吟诵的言词的含义。其二，乞丐被允许参加这些牧师主持的，为死人举行的宗教仪式，他们往往装得十分悲痛，来骗取人们的施舍，他们哀诉式的乞讨也影喃了cant一词的意义。其三，17世纪有位苏格兰传道士，因其虚伪不受欢迎，他的名字就叫Andrew Cant。 1711年8月18日《旁观者》（The Spectator）第47期上斯梯尔(Richard Steele，1672 - 1729)写的一篇文章在追溯cant 一词的词源时，试图将它与这位传道士的姓氏Cant联系起来，文中说：“他讲道所操方言，除了部分会众，据说无人听懂。”多数辞书对此很不以为然，但有某些根据说明，cant一词的贬降过程似乎多少受了这方面的影响。
