camera的词源
英文词源
- camera
- camera: [18] Latin camera originally meant ‘vaulted room’ (a sense preserved in the Radcliffe Camera, an 18th-century building housing part of Oxford University library, which has a vaulted roof). It came from Greek kamárā ‘vault, arch’, which is ultimately related to English chimney. In due course the meaning ‘vaulted room’ became weakened to simply ‘room’, which reached English, via Old French chambre, as chamber, and is preserved in the legal Latin phrase in camera ‘privately, in judge’s chambers’.
In the 17th century, an optical instrument was invented consisting of a small closed box with a lens fixed in one side which produced an image of external objects on the inside of the box. The same effect could be got in a small darkened room, and so the device was called a camera obscura ‘dark chamber’. When the new science of photography developed in the 19th century, using the basic principle of the camera obscura, camera was applied to the picture-forming box.
=> chamber, chimney - camera (n.)
- 1708, "vaulted building," from Latin camera "vaulted room" (source of Italian camera, Spanish camara, French chambre), from Greek kamara "vaulted chamber."
The word also was used early 18c. as a short form of Modern Latin camera obscura "dark chamber" (a black box with a lens that could project images of external objects), contrasted with camera lucida (Latin for "light chamber"), which uses prisms to produce on paper beneath the instrument an image, which can be traced. It became the word for "picture-taking device" when modern photography began, c. 1840 (extended to television filming devices 1928). Camera-shy is attested from 1890. Old Church Slavonic komora, Lithuanian kamara, Old Irish camra all are borrowings from Latin.
中文词源
camera（照相机）：用来成像的小暗房
英语单词camera（照相机）其实是拉丁语camera obscura的缩写，其中，camera=room（房间），obscura=dark（黑暗的），合起来就是“暗室”的意思。拉丁语camera obscura原本指的是一种光学仪器，由小盒子和棱镜组成，用于研究小孔成像等光学问题，科学家开普勒最早使用这个术语。18世纪初期，光学照相机问世后，由于它很像一个camera obscura，所以人们将其称为camera obscura。后来，当照相机流行后，人们将其简称为camera。
camera：['kæm(ə)rə] n.照相机，摄像机
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：camera 词源，camera 含义。
来自拉丁短语camera obscura，字面意思即obscure chamber, 暗室，早期照相机的重要结构。
