calculate的词源

英文词源

calculateyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
calculate: [16] Calculate comes from the past participial stem of the Latin verb calculāre, a derivative of the noun calculus, which meant ‘pebble’. This was almost certainly a diminutive form of Latin calx, from which English gets calcium and chalk. The notion of ‘counting’ was present in the word from ancient times, for a specialized sense of Latin calculus was ‘stone used in counting, counter’ (its modern mathematical application to differential and integral calculus dates from the 18th century).

Another sense of Latin calculus was ‘stone in the bladder or kidney’, which was its meaning when originally borrowed into English in the 17th century.

=> calcarious, calcium, calculus, causeway, chalk
calculate (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1560s, "to compute, to estimate by mathematical means," from Latin calculatus, past participle of calculare "to reckon, compute," from calculus (see calculus). Meaning "to plan, devise" is from 1650s. Replaced earlier calculen (mid-14c.), from Old French calculer. Related: Calculable.

中文词源

calculate(计算):古人用石子计数的方法

古代罗马人很早就学会了使用石子来计数。他们还发明了类似中国算盘的古罗马算盘(Roman abacus),它是一种带槽的金属算盘,槽中放着石子,上下移动石子进行计算。据记载,在公元前15世纪,古罗马的工程师Vitruvius 还发明了一种利用石子来计算距离的仪器。这种仪器安装在车轮上,车轮每转动一次,就有一粒石子落到一个容器里。通过数容器里的石子就可以算出车轮驶过的距离。拉丁语calculus表示鹅卵石或小石子。由于石子在算术中的广泛应用,calculus一词进入英语后,除了表示“结石”外,还可以表示“微积分”。英语单词calculate(计算)则源自拉丁文calculatus,后来表示使用石子计数的做法。英语单词calcium(钙)的也与calculus有关,因为石头的主要成分就是钙。

calculus: ['kælkjʊləs]n.结石,微积分

calculate:['kælkjʊleɪt] v.计算,打算,预测

calcium:['kælsɪəm] n.钙

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:calculate 词源,calculate 含义。

calculate:计算

发音释义:['kælkjʊleɪt] v.计算;考虑;算计;打算

结构分析:calculate = calc(石灰岩)+ul(指小形式)+ate(动词后缀)→拿小块石灰岩做某事→在地上写写画画→计算

词源解释:calc←拉丁语calx(石灰岩)

同源词:calcium(钙);calculus(结石、微积分←小石灰岩)

衍生词:calculation(计算);calculating(深谋远虑的、精明的);calculated(蓄意的)

calculate:计算

来自词根calc, 小石子。因古时用小石子计数。

calculate:计算

两千多年前罗马商人用拉丁文称之为calculus的小圆石来计算损益,古罗马时代的算盘也以小圆石,即calculus作为算珠。古希腊人与古罗马人还以投calculus的简单办法来进行选举,只要计算一下投入瓮中的calculus的数目即可统计出人数有多少。我们今天用以表示“计算”的英语单词calculate正是源于意为“小圆石”的拉丁词calculus的。英语还直接借用该拉丁词来指“微积分”和“结石”。

calculate:计算;估计,推测;计划,打算

来源于拉丁语名词calculus(小石头),古罗马人用calculus计数,选举时用calculus计票。

词根词缀: -calcul-小石头 + -ate动词词尾

同源词:calcium, chalk, calcareous, calculus, causeway