bust的词源
英文词源
- bust
- bust: There are two different words bust in English. The one meaning ‘break’ [18] is simply an alteration of burst. Bust ‘sculpture of head and chest’ [17] comes via French buste from Italian busto ‘upper body’, of uncertain origin (Latin had the temptingly similar bustum ‘monument on a tomb’, but this does not seem to fit in with the word’s primary sense ‘upper body’).
In English, application of the word to the human chest probably developed in the 18th century (one of the earliest examples is from Byron’s Don Juan 1819: ‘There was an Irish lady, to whose bust I ne’er saw justice done’), although as late as the early 19th century it could still be used with reference to men’s chests, and had not become particularized to female breasts: ‘His naked bust would have furnished a model for a statuary’, Washington Irving, A tour on the prairies 1835.
- bust (n.1)
- 1690s, "sculpture of upper torso and head," from French buste (16c.), from Italian busto "upper body," from Latin bustum "funeral monument, tomb," originally "funeral pyre, place where corpses are burned," perhaps shortened from ambustum, neuter of ambustus "burned around," past participle of amburere "burn around, scorch," from ambi- "around" + urere "to burn." Or perhaps from Old Latin boro, the early form of classical Latin uro "to burn." Sense development in Italian is probably from Etruscan custom of keeping dead person's ashes in an urn shaped like the person when alive. Meaning "bosom" is by 1884.
- bust (n.2)
- variant of burst (n.), 1764, American English. For loss of -r-, compare ass (n.2). Originally "frolic, spree;" sense of "sudden failure" is from 1842. Meaning "police raid or arrest" is from 1938. Phrase ______ or bust as an emphatic expression attested by 1851 in British depictions of Western U.S. dialect. Probably from earlier expression bust (one's) boiler, by late 1840s, a reference to steamboat boilers exploding when driven too hard.
- bust (v.)
- "to burst," 1806, variant of burst (v.); for loss of -r-, compare ass (n.2). Meaning "go bankrupt" is from 1834. Meaning "break into" is from 1859. The slang meaning "demote" (especially in a military sense) is from 1918; that of "place under arrest" is from 1953 (earlier "to raid" from Prohibition). In card games, "to go over a score of 21," from 1939. Related: Busted; busting.
中文词源
bust（半身像）：古伊特鲁里亚人的人形骨灰瓮
英语单词bust来自拉丁语bustum，本意是“坟墓、火葬用的柴堆”。古代意大利的伊特鲁里亚人相信逝者死后会在来世超生，并保留生前的习惯。因此人死后被火化，骨灰被放置在一个人形骨灰瓮中，包括一个盛放骨灰的瓶身和一个人头形状的盖子。整个骨灰瓮被安放在布置得像生前居所的坟墓里，生前使用的一系列物品也一同陪葬。受这种丧葬习俗的影响，拉丁语bustum也被用来表示这种人形骨灰瓮，后来被用来表示人的“上半身雕像”。19世纪后还衍生出“胸部”之意。
bust：n. [bʌst] n.半身雕像；胸部
busty：['bʌsti] adj.胸部丰满的，大胸脯的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：bust 词源，bust 含义。
发音释义：[bʌst] n.半身雕像；胸部
词源解释：bust←法语buste（半身雕像）←意大利语busto（上半身）←拉丁语bustum（墓碑、坟墓、火化尸体的地方）←amburere（烧焦）=ambi（围绕）+urere（烧）
同源词：urn（骨灰瓮、坟墓）
古代意大利的伊特鲁里亚人的丧葬习俗是人死后火化，将其骨灰放置在一个形状如同本人容貌形状的骨灰瓮中，英语单词bust最初指的就是这种形状如人的骨灰瓮。由于这种骨灰瓮通常状如人的上半身，没有分叉的两条腿，所以bust一词表示人的上半身雕像。19世纪后逐渐衍生出“胸部”之意。
bust：爆裂、破产、逮捕
发音释义：[bʌst] v.n.（使）爆裂；（使）破产；逮捕；闯入；打破；弄坏；驯服；使降职；在现场抓住
词源解释：是burst（爆炸、爆发）的变体，出现于1806年。
bust：半身像，胸部，打碎
1.胸部，词源不详。
2.打碎，burst 变体，字母r 脱落。
