buccaneer的词源

英文词源

buccaneeryoudaoicibaDictYouDict
buccaneer: [17] A buccaneer was originally ‘someone who dried meat on a wooden frame over a fire’. The word comes ultimately from mukem, the term for such a frame in the Tupi language of the Caribbean islands, which in the mouths of early French settlers became boucan (the Haitian term was barbacoa, from which we get barbecue). French boucanier thus came to be applied in the 17th century to a woodsman in the West Indies who prepared his food in such a way; such men were fairly lawless, and took to piratical ways, bringing their name with them in the late 17th century.
buccaneer (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1660s, from French boucanier "user of a boucan," a native grill for roasting meat, from Tupi mukem (rendered in Portuguese as moquem c. 1587): "initial b and m are interchangeable in the Tupi language" [Klein]. For Haitian variant barbacoa, see barbecue. Originally used of French settlers working as hunters and woodsmen in the Spanish West Indies, a lawless and piratical set after they were driven from their trade by Spanish authorities in the 1690s.

中文词源

buccaneer(海盗):专门掠夺西班牙商船的“皇家海盗”

在大航海时代,西班牙和葡萄牙率先开展航海探险事业,积极在新发现的美洲大陆进行殖民,从美洲掠夺了大量财富,成为那个时代的霸主。1630年左右,一群在加勒比海域进行探险投机的法国人竞争不过西班牙人,被西班牙人赶到一座海岛上。从此以后,这群法国人以此为据点,做起了海盗生意,专门袭击西班牙商船,声势越来越大,越来越多的法国人以及英国人、荷兰人也加入进来,将这项专门针对西班牙商船的海盗事业越做越大,并且还赢得了本国政府的支持,获得政府颁发的“私掠许可证”,成为奉旨打劫的“皇家海盗”,就算被西班牙军队俘虏后还可以享受战俘待遇,而不是像普通海盗那样被绞死。在后来英国和西班牙的大海战中,英国海军就依靠这些“皇家海盗”击败了西班牙的无敌舰队,终结了西班牙的霸主地位。

在法语中,这群海盗被称为“boucanier”,源自加勒比海土著语buccan(烤肉架),字面意思就是“使用烤肉架烤肉的人”,因为这群海盗也喜欢使用这种架子烤肉吃。英国人将其英语化为buccaneer。1684年,著名法国作家Alexandre Exquemelin描写17世纪加勒比海盗的名著《美洲海盗》的英译版本出版后,buccaneer一词更是广为流传,成为了“海盗”(pirate)的同义词。

同样源于加勒比海土著语buccan(烤肉架)还有单词barbecue(烧烤),它是经由西班牙、法语进入英国的。

buccaneer:[,bʌkə'nɪə] n.海盗vi.做海盗

freebooter:['friːbuːtə] n.海盗

filibuster:['fɪlɪbʌstə] n.海盗,暴兵,阻挠议事的议员,阻挠议事的行为vi.掠夺,阻挠议事

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:buccaneer 词源,buccaneer 含义。

buccaneer:海盗

来自加勒比海海地语,barbecue 变体。原指17世纪南美洲殖民地争夺战中被西班牙打败的法国人,在丛林中以打猎烤肉为生,兼营海盗打劫勾当。

buccaneer:海盗

buccaneer原用以专指17世纪下半叶出没于加勒比海地区和南美洲沿海一带,劫掠西班牙殖民地和船只的英国、法国或荷兰的海盗。17世纪初期法国人来到了海地。他们发现当地人喜欢把野牛肉或野猪肉放在烤架上面熏烤就仿效着去做。他们根据当地土语把烤架叫做boucan,把熏烤者叫做boucanier。英语buccaneer 一词即由此而来。最初buccaneer指定居于海地的法国猎人或英国猎人。这些人常把熏烤的肉卖给海盗,其实他们中多数人也是海盗。正是由于这个原因,buccaneer渐渐丧失了原义,变成了当时那一带海盗的代称。到丁19世纪以后,它的词义扩大了,开始被用以泛指“海盗”或“冒险家”。