bolt的词源

英文词源

bolt: bolt: [OE] In Old English, a bolt was an arrow, particularly of the short stout variety used in crossbows (hence the phrase shoot one’s bolt). The more familiar modern sense ‘fastening pin’ developed in the 13th century. The verbal sense ‘make a quick escape’ comes from the notion of firing a projectile. The word appears in other Germanic languages (for instance German bolz ‘bolt’), but its ultimate origin is unknown.
bolt (n.): Old English bolt "short, stout arrow with a heavy head;" also "crossbow for throwing bolts," from Proto-Germanic *bultas (cognates: Old Norse bolti, Danish bolt, Dutch bout, German Bolzen), perhaps from PIE root *bheld- "to knock, strike" (cognates: Lithuanian beldu "I knock," baldas "pole for striking").

Applied since Middle English to other short metal rods (especially those with knobbed ends). From the notion of an arrow's flight comes the lightning bolt (1530s). A bolt of canvas (c. 1400) was so called for its shape. Adverbial phrase bolt upright is from late 14c.
bolt (v.): from bolt (n.) in its various senses; from a crossbow arrow's quick flight comes the meaning "to spring, to make a quick start" (early 13c.). Via the notion of runaway horses, this came to mean "to leave suddenly" (early 19c.). Meaning "to gulp down food" is from 1794. The meaning "to secure by means of a bolt" is from 1580s. Related: Bolted; bolting.

发音释义：[bəʊlt] n.螺钉；闪电；门闩；弩箭v.（把门、窗等）闩上；突然说出；冲出adv. 突然地；像箭似地；直立地

词源解释：来自古英语，表示一种带有较重箭头的短箭以及发射这种短箭的弩弓。后来可以表示各种形状像这种短箭的金属棒，尤其是带圆头的。射出的箭飞行速度很快，因此该词衍生出“闪电”、“冲出、突然说出”等含义。

助记窍门：bolt→短跑名将博尔特→闪电→弩箭→螺钉

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：bolt 词源，bolt 含义。