bohemian的词源

英文词源

bohemian (n.)

"a gypsy of society," 1848, from French bohemién (1550s), from the country name (see Bohemia). The modern sense is perhaps from the use of this country name since 15c. in French for "gypsy" (they were wrongly believed to have come from there, though their first appearance in Western Europe may have been directly from there), or from association with 15c. Bohemian heretics. It was popularized by Henri Murger's 1845 story collection "Scenes de la Vie de Boheme," the basis of Puccini's "La Bohème." Used in English 1848 in Thackary's "Vanity Fair."

The term 'Bohemian' has come to be very commonly accepted in our day as the description of a certain kind of literary gipsey, no matter in what language he speaks, or what city he inhabits .... A Bohemian is simply an artist or littérateur who, consciously or unconsciously, secedes from conventionality in life and in art. ["Westminster Review," 1862]

中文词源

Bohemian（放荡不羁的人）：法国人以为吉普赛人来自波西米亚

吉普赛人最早居住在印度北部，从十世纪开始迁移，流落至世界各地。各国人对他们的称呼都不同。英国人以为他们来自埃及（Egypt），所以将他们称为“吉普赛人”（Gypsy）。法国人以为他们来自波西米亚（Bohemia，现捷克共和国境内），所以将他们称为“波西米亚人”（Bohemian）。他们在西班牙被称为“季当人”，在俄罗斯和意大利被称为“茨冈人”，他们自称为“罗姆人”。

吉普赛人以占卜和卖艺为生，居无定所，不信奉上帝，崇尚自由，其服饰具有鲜明的游牧民族风格，同时又融合的多个民族的特色。因此，英语单词Bohemian就象征了吉普赛人的这种特质，常用来表示富有“小资情调”、喜好浪漫、气质忧郁的人，或表示一种独特的服装、文艺风格。

Bohemian： [bo'himn] n.波西米亚人，波西米亚语，放荡不羁的人adj.波西米亚的，放荡不羁的

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：Bohemian 词源，Bohemian 含义。

bohemian：波西米亚式，放荡不羁

来自中欧古国名Bohemia。Boii, 民族名。-hem, 家，同home. 过去一种谬误认为吉普赛人来自这里，因此就有了放荡不羁的意思。