bead的词源
英文词源
- bead
- bead: [13] The word bead originally meant ‘prayer’. It comes ultimately from Germanic *beth-, source also of English bid. This passed into Old English as gebed, which by the 13th century had lost its prefix to become bede. (German has the parallel gebet ‘prayer’.) The modern sense ‘small pierced decorative ball’ developed in the 14th century, from the use of a string of rosary beads for counting while saying one’s prayers.
=> bid - bead (n.)
- mid-14c., bede "prayer bead," from Old English gebed "prayer," with intensive or collective prefix *ge- + Proto-Germanic *bidam "entreaty" (cognates: Middle Dutch bede, Old High German beta, German bitte, Gothic bida "prayer, request"), from PIE *gwhedh- "to ask, pray."
Shift in meaning came via beads threaded on a string to count prayers, and in phrases like to bid one's beads, to count one's beads. German cognate Bitte is the usual word for conversational request "please." Also related to bid (Old English biddan) and Gothic bidjan "to ask, pray." Sense transferred to "drop of liquid" 1590s; to "small knob forming front sight of a gun" 1831 (Kentucky slang); hence draw a bead on "take aim at," 1841, U.S. colloquial. - bead (v.)
- 1570s, "to adorn with beads," from bead (n.). Meaning "to string like beads" is from 1883. Related: Beaded; beading.
中文词源
bead（珠子）：中世纪时基督教徒的念珠祈祷法
英语中，单词bead一般译为“珠子”，但单词beadsman指的却是“乞丐，祈祷者”。这之间有什么关联呢？原来，单词bead的本意就是“祈祷”，与单词bid（吩咐、出价）同源。单词bead的含义从“祈祷”转变为“珠子”，与中世纪时基督教徒的念珠祈祷法有关。所谓念珠祈祷法，是指在祈祷时用念珠在计算次数，每祈祷一次就拨动一粒念珠。在很多宗教中都可以见到这种祈祷方法，如佛教中的佛珠。正因为受这种念珠祈祷法的影响，单词bead的含义从“祈祷”慢慢转变为“祈祷时所用的念珠”，进而泛化为一般的珠子，甚至是水滴。在现代英语中，bead的原意“祈祷”已经不见踪影，但在单词beadsman中依然保留。beadsman指的是受雇为人祈祷的人，通常是乞丐。
bead： [biːd] n.珠子，念珠，滴vt.用珠子装饰vi.变成珠状
beadsman：['biːdzmən] n.祈祷者，乞丐，受雇祈祷者
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：bead 词源，bead 含义。
词源同bid, 要求，祈祷，原指祈祷用的念珠。
如今姑娘脖子上戴的“珠子项链”，过去是祈祷时用的“念珠”、“佛珠”，古英语写作bede，意思是“祈祷”。超初，“作一次祈祷”叫“to bid a bead”，人们为了便于记住祈祷的遍数，就将玻璃或宝石等制成珠子，用细绳子串起来，祈祷时就用这些珠子计算、记忆祈祷的遍数。由于珠子是用宝石等材料制作的，自然就有了装饰的价值。
