bank的词源
英文词源
- bank
- bank: [12] The various disparate meanings of modern English bank all come ultimately from the same source, Germanic *bangk-, but they have taken different routes to reach us. Earliest to arrive was ‘ridge, mound, bordering slope’, which came via a hypothetical Old Norse *banki. Then came ‘bench’ [13] (now obsolete except in the sense ‘series of rows or tiers’ – as in a typewriter’s bank of keys); this arrived from Old French banc, which was originally borrowed from Germanic *bangk- (also the source of English bench).
Finally came ‘moneylender’s counter’ [15], whose source was either French banque or Italian banca – both in any case deriving ultimately once again from Germanic *bangk-. The current sense, ‘place where money is kept’, developed in the 17th century. The derived bankrupt [16] comes originally from Italian banca rotta, literally ‘broken counter’ (rotta is related to English bereave and rupture); in early times a broken counter or bench was symbolic of an insolvent moneylender.
The diminutive of Old French banc was banquet ‘little bench’ (perhaps modelled on Italian banchetto), from which English gets banquet [15]. It has undergone a complete reversal in meaning over the centuries; originally it signified a ‘small snack eaten while seated on a bench (rather than at table)’.
=> bench - bank (n.1)
- "financial institution," late 15c., from either Old Italian banca or Middle French banque (itself from the Italian word), both meaning "table" (the notion is of the moneylender's exchange table), from a Germanic source (compare Old High German bank "bench"); see bank (n.2).
Bank holiday is from 1871, though the tradition is as old as the Bank of England. To cry all the way to the bank was coined 1956 by flamboyant pianist Liberace, after a Madison Square Garden concert that was packed with patrons but panned by critics. - bank (n.2)
- "earthen incline, edge of a river," c. 1200, probably in Old English but not attested in surviving documents, from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse banki, Old Danish banke "sandbank," from Proto-Germanic *bangkon "slope," cognate with *bankiz "shelf" (see bench (n.)).
- bank (v.)
- "to act as a banker," 1727, from bank (n.1). As "to deposit in a bank" from 1833. Figurative sense of "to rely on" (i.e. "to put money on") is from 1884, U.S. colloquial. Meaning "to ascend," as of an incline, is from 1892. In aeronautics, from 1911. Related: Banked; banking.
中文词源
bank（银行）：堆放货币的条凳
最早的埃及银行家和英国货币兑换商是坐在寺庙内或圣殿庭院内的条凳上经营业务的。在中世纪，意大利的放债者也是用一张小条凳在市场上开展业务。《圣经》中提到耶稣清理圣殿，其实就是掀翻了这些货币兑换商在圣殿中的条凳。表示“银行”的英语单词bank源自拉丁语banca，意思是“条凳”。当货币兑换商因资金缺乏而被迫中断业务时，他们的条凳就会被拆掉。这种做法在拉丁文写作banca rupta，英语中表示破产的单词bankrupt正是由此而来的，其中rupt相当于broken。习语break the bank（倾家荡产）也源于此。
bank：[bæŋk]n.银行，河岸vt.将存入银行vi.堆积
bankrupt：['bæŋkrʌpt]vt.使破产adj.破产的n.破产者
broke： [brəʊk]adj.破产的，一名不文的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：bank 词源，bank 含义。
词源同bench，长凳，原指土凳，堤岸。银行义来自14世纪意大利威尼斯商人在市场摆一条凳子从事货币存储及放贷业务, 也即现代银行的起源。
bank这个词来自古意大利语banca，意思是“bench”。谁会想到“银行”和“长凳”竟然有直接的亲缘关系呢？
据记载，最初的埃及银行家们，甚至最早的英国货币兑换商们，都是从在长凳上展开交易的。这种长凳通常放在寺庙的院落里。耶稣就是从这种寺庙的长凳上（或曰“货币兑换场”上）将货币兑换商们驱赶走的。于是banca，即“长凳”就成了“货币交易所”的代名词，后来演变成bank，也就是今天的“银行”。
来源于意大利语banca条凳,中世纪意大利的放债者或银行家是用一条小条凳在市场上开展业务。
