ballast的词源

英文词源

ballastyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
ballast: [16] Originally, ballast appears to have meant literally ‘bare load’ – that is, a load carried by a ship simply for the sake of its weight, and without any commercial value. English probably acquired it, via Low German, from a Scandinavian language; Old Swedish and Old Danish had not only ballast but also barlast, which appears to betray the word’s component parts: bar, related to English bare, and last ‘burden’ (Old English had hlæst ‘burden’, related to lade, which survived into the 20th century as a measure of weight for various commodities).
=> bare, lade
ballast (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
"heavy material used to steady a ship," 1520s, from Middle English bar "bare" (see bare; in this case "mere") + last "a load, burden," or borrowed from identical terms in North Sea Germanic and Scandinavian (compare Old Danish barlast, 14c.). "Mere" because not carried for commercial purposes. Dutch balg-last "ballast," literally "belly-load," is a folk-etymology corruption.

中文词源

ballast(压舱物):为增加船只稳定性的无用负载

古代人在使用帆船航行时发现,如果船底太轻,帆船很容易被风刮得东倒西歪,无法稳定行驶。因此,为了增加帆船的稳定性,他们会在帆船底部放置一些重物。如果船上的货物已经全部卖出,就只能用一些无用的重物如石头来压在舱底。这种没有价值的压舱物在英语中就叫做ballast,在古英语中由bar(=bare,空的,光的,无用的)+last(=load,负载)构成,字面意思就是bare load(无用负载)。在修建铁路时,需要在路基上铺上道渣碎石来压实路基土方。这种道渣碎石也可以称为ballast。

ballast:['bæləst] n.压舱物,压载物,道渣碎石vt.给……装压舱物,给……铺道渣

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:ballast 词源,ballast 含义。

ballast:压舱物

发音释义:['bæləst] n. 压舱物,[建]压载物;道渣,碎石vt. 给…装压舱物;给…铺道渣

结构分析:ballad = bal(=bare,光的)+last(载荷)→光为压舱而载的东西→压舱物

词源解释:bal←中古英语bar(=bare,光的);last←中古英语(载荷)

同源词:bare(光的、赤裸的)

古代人在使用帆船航行时发现,如果船底太轻,帆船很容易被风刮得东倒西歪,无法稳定行驶。因此,为了增加帆船的稳定性,他们会在帆船底部放置一些重物。如果船上的货物已经全部卖出,就只能用一些无用的重物如石头来压在舱底。这种没有价值的压舱物在英语中就叫做ballast,字面意思就是bare load(无用负载)。在修建铁路时,需要在路基上铺上道渣碎石来压实路基土方。这种道渣碎石也可以称为ballast。

趣味记忆:ballast→ball last→最后的大球→压舱底的大球→压舱物

ballast:压舱物

bal, 词源同bare, 仅仅,字母l,r 音变。last, 古词义,重担。