asylum的词源
英文词源
- asylum
- asylum: [15] Greek sulon meant ‘right of seizure’. With the addition of the negative prefix a- ‘not’ this was turned into the adjective ásūlos ‘inviolable’, which in turn was nominalized as āsūlon ‘refuge’. When it first entered English, via Latin asylum, it was used specifically for ‘place of sanctuary for hunted criminals and others’ (a meaning reflected in modern English ‘political asylum’), and it was not until the mid 18th century that it came to be applied to mental hospitals.
- asylum (n.)
- early 15c., earlier asile (late 14c.), from Latin asylum "sanctuary," from Greek asylon "refuge," noun use of neuter of asylos "inviolable, safe from violence," especially of persons seeking protection, from a- "without" + syle "right of seizure." So literally "an inviolable place." General sense of "safe or secure place" is from 1640s; meaning "benevolent institution to shelter some class of persons" is from 1776.
中文词源
asylum（庇护）：神庙或教堂所提供的庇护
在古代西方，神庙、教堂等宗教场所被看作是非常神圣的地方，是神祗所在之处。在这些场所杀人或抓人将被看作是对神的大不敬。因此，罪犯、逃亡者进入神庙或教堂后就获得了神的庇护，世俗的司法机构不得进入这些场所执法。在政治斗争或战争中失败的一方也可以躲进教堂寻求庇护。英语单词asylum（庇护）最初就是表示这种宗教场所提供的庇护。它来自希腊语asylon，由否定前缀a+sylon（逮捕权）构成，字面意思就是“无权逮捕”。18世纪中期后，asylum开始用来表示“精神病院”，也许是因为人们将精神病院看作是精神病患者的庇护和救济所。
asylum：[ə'saɪləm] n.庇护，避难，庇护所，收容所，精神病院
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：asylum 词源，asylum 含义。
发音释义：[ə'saɪləm] n. 庇护；庇护所，收容所，救济院
结构分析：asylum = a（没有）+syl（抓捕权）+um（地方）→没有抓捕权的地方→庇护所
词源解释：syl←希腊语syle（抓捕权）
常用搭配：political asylum（政治避难）；lunatic asylum（精神病院）；orphan asylum（孤儿院）
实用知识：soul asylum（美国另类摇滚乐队）；The Asylum（美国电影公司，以山寨大片闻名）
趣味记忆：asylum →a slum（平民窟）→平民们的庇护所；谐音a silent (place) →安静的地方→庇护所
前缀a-, 不，非。-syl, 同词根sal, 跳，攻击，见assail. 指宗教圣殿，避难所。
