astonish的词源

英文词源

astonish (v.)

c. 1300, astonien, from Old French estoner "to stun, daze, deafen, astound," from Vulgar Latin *extonare, from Latin ex- "out" + tonare "to thunder" (see thunder); so, literally "to leave someone thunderstruck." The modern form (influenced by English verbs in -ish, such as distinguish, diminish) is attested from c. 1530.

No wonder is thogh that she were astoned [Chaucer, "Clerk's Tale"]

Related: Astonished; astonishing; astonishingly.

中文词源

astonish：吃惊的

as来自前缀ex- 变体，此处表强调。词根ton, 雷，拟声词，同thunder. 指如被雷击。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：astonish 词源，astonish 含义。

astonish：使吃惊，使惊讶　　

源于拉丁语extonare（ex- ‘out’+tonare‘thunder’），从法语estoner演变而来，按字面义讲原有“雷击”之意。因此astonish最初常作“使震惊”、“使惊呆”等义解，以后才渐渐弱化为“使吃惊”、“使惊讶”。英语中另有两个词stun（把…打晕，使震惊），astound（使震惊，使惊骇）也出于同一拉丁语源，在字面上也含“雷击”之意。

astonish：使惊讶

来源于拉丁语动词tono, tonare雷鸣 → 拉丁词干-ton-(雷鸣)

词根词缀： as-加强意义 + -ton-雷鸣 + -ish动词词尾

astonish：使惊讶

咱们有个词叫“五雷轰顶”，用来形容人的极度震惊。英语恰巧也用“打雷”来指人的惊讶。前缀as的原形是ex-“出”；词根ton表“打雷”；-ish为后缀。不难看出，单词stun（使震惊）和它是同源的。其实thunder（雷）亦同源，体会t-th、o-u、n-n的对应关系。