apricot的词源
英文词源
- apricot
- apricot: [16] The word apricot reached English by a peculiarly circuitous route from Latin. The original term used by the Romans for the apricot, a fruit which came ultimately from China, was prūnum Arminiacum or mālum Arminiacum ‘Armenian plum or apple’ (Armenia was an early source of choice apricots). But a new term gradually replaced these: mālum praecocum ‘early-ripening apple’ (praecocus was a variant of praecox, from which English gets precocious). Praecocum was borrowed by a succession of languages, making its way via Byzantine Greek beríkokkon and Arabic al birqūq ‘the apricot’ to Spanish albaricoque and Portuguese albricoque.
This was the source of the English word, but its earliest form, abrecock, shows that it had already acquired the initial abrof French abricot, and the final -t followed almost immediately. Spellings with p instead of b are also found in the 16th century.
=> precocious - apricot (n.)
- 1550s, abrecock, from Catalan abercoc, related to Portuguese albricoque, from Arabic al-birquq, through Byzantine Greek berikokkia from Latin (malum) praecoquum "early-ripening (fruit)" (see precocious). Form assimilated to French abricot.
Latin praecoquis early-ripe, can probably be attributed to the fact that the fruit was considered a variety of peach that ripened sooner than other peaches .... [Barnhart]
The older Latin name for it was prunum Armeniacum or malum Armeniacum, in reference to supposed origin in Armenia. As a color name, first attested 1906.
中文词源
来自拉丁短语malum precoquum, 早熟的水果。-cot, cook的过去分词，表示熟。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：apricot 词源，apricot 含义。
该词的字面意思是：早熟的水果。
词根词缀：a- "the" (阿拉伯语定冠词“al”的变体，相当于英语中的定冠词“the”) + pri- "before" (前缀“pre-”的元音变体) + cot- "ripe" (词根“coc-”的变体)。所以，其字面意思就是：the early-ripening (fruit)，即：早熟的水果。
其名称源于最初“杏”被认为是另外一种桃子，只是它比其它种类的桃子成熟得早。于是就有了这个怪异的名称，而“杏”这种水果本身最初是由中国传到西方的。
杏最早发源于中国，经丝绸之路传入欧洲。古罗马人第一次看到杏时，还以为它是一种桃子。因为杏比桃成熟得更早，所以古罗马人用拉丁语称其为praecoquum (早熟的，是单词precocious的词源)。该拉丁语历经拜占庭式希腊语、阿拉伯语、葡萄牙语和西班牙语， 最终演变成了英语单词apricot中的pricot，而词首的a-则源自阿拉伯语定冠词al-(等于英语中的the)。英语单词apricot的正确分割方式应该是a (定冠词）-pri (=pre，提前）-cot (=cooked，成熟的）。同源单词有precocious (早熟的）。
