anathema的词源

英文词源

anathemayoudaoicibaDictYouDict
anathema: [16] Originally in Greek anáthēma was a ‘votive offering’ (it was a derivative of the compound verb anatithénai ‘set up, dedicate’, formed from the prefix ana- ‘up’ and the verb tithénai ‘place’, source of English theme and related to English do). But from being broadly ‘anything offered up for religious purposes’, the word gradually developed negative associations of ‘something dedicated to evil’; and by the time it reached Latin it meant ‘curse’ or ‘accursed person’.
=> do, theme
anathema (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1520s, "an accursed thing," from Latin anathema "an excommunicated person; the curse of excommunication," from Greek anathema "a thing accursed," originally "a thing devoted," literally "a thing set up (to the gods)," from ana- "up" (see ana-) + tithenai "to put, place" (see theme).

Originally simply a votive offering, by the time it reached Latin the meaning had progressed through "thing devoted to evil," to "thing accursed or damned." Later applied to persons and the Divine Curse. Meaning "formal act or formula of consigning to damnation" is from 1610s.

Anathema maranatha, taken as an intensified form, is a misreading of the Syriac maran etha "the Lord hath come," which follows anathema in I Cor. xvi:22, but is not connected with it (see Maranatha).

中文词源

anathema(咒逐):上帝憎恶的当灭之物

英语单词anathema来自希腊语anathema,由 ana(up)+thema(to put, to place)构成,字面意思就是“上交给上帝(由其处置)”。这个希腊语实际上是古代希腊人在翻译希伯来语的《旧约》时对希伯来语herem(或 cherem)的翻译。herem在希伯来语中最早指不符合犹太教信仰、上帝憎恶的“当灭之物”,如异教徒用来崇拜其他神灵的建筑、器具,以及其他与犹太 教义不符的财物。犹太人打败异教徒后捕获的这些物品不可拿回家私自享用,而应该献给上帝,由上帝来处置。“献给上帝”的方式一般是烧掉或砸碎。与 herem对应的希腊语anathema也就含有“上帝憎恶之物、异教徒所用之物”的含义。

在宗教领域,anathema表示一种非常严格的惩罚“革出教门”,仅仅适用于严重违反教规的信徒,相当于宣布你是“上帝憎恶之物”。在日常生活中,anathema表示“非常讨厌的人或物”。

与anathema一样含有词根thema的单词有theme(主题),字面意思就是“something set down”(写下的事)。

anathema:[ə'næθəmə] n.咒逐,革出教门;被诅咒者,非常讨厌的人或物

theme:[θiːm] n.主题,题目,主旋律

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:anathema 词源,anathema 含义。

anathema:咒逐

发音释义:[ə'næθəmə] n. 诅咒;革出教门;被诅咒者;令人厌恶的人

结构分析:anathema =ana(up)+thema(set,放置)→放到一边→由上帝发落→上帝憎恨的人或物→被诅咒者,被逐出教门

词源解释:thema←希腊语 tithenai(放置)

背景知识:单词anathema来自希腊语,字面意思就是“上交给上帝(由其处置)”。这个希腊语实际上是古代希腊人在翻译希伯来语的《旧约》时对希伯来语herem(或cherem)的翻译。herem在希伯来语中最早指不符合犹太教信仰、上帝憎恶的“当灭之物”,如异教徒用来崇拜其他神灵的建筑、器具,以及其他与犹太教义不符的财物。犹太人打败异教徒后捕获的这些物品不可拿回家私自享用,而应该献给上帝,由上帝来处置。“献给上帝”的方式一般是烧掉或砸碎。与herem对应的希腊语anathema也就含有“上帝憎恶之物、异教徒所用之物”的含义。在宗教领域,anathema表示一种非常严格的惩罚——“革出教门”,仅仅适用于严重违反教规的信徒,相当于宣布你是“上帝憎恶之物”。在日常生活中,anathema表示“非常讨厌的人或物”。

同源词:theme(主题←提出来的问题),thematic(主题的),thesis(论文←论题←提出来的问题)

衍生词:anathematize(诅咒;强烈遣责;开除教籍)

anathema:诅咒;革出教门;被诅咒者

希腊前缀ana-这里表up,与on同源,词根the-表to put,后缀-ma表行为对象和结果。anathema本指将掠夺来的敌人的物品置于寺庙(或祭坛)之上来诅咒敌人厄运。历史上最出名的anathema是1054年导致基督教大分裂的东、西罗马帝国教会的相互开除教籍。