ambush的词源

英文词源

ambush

ambush: [14] Originally, ambush meant literally ‘put in a bush’ – or more precisely ‘hide in a wood, from where one can make a surprise attack’. The hypothetical Vulgar Latin verb *imboscāre was formed from the prefix in- and the noun *boscus ‘bush, thicket’ (a word of Germanic origin, related to English bush). In Old French this became embuschier, and when English acquired it its prefix gradually became transformed into am-.

In the 16th century, various related forms were borrowed into English – Spanish produced ambuscado, Italian was responsible for imboscata, and French embuscade was anglicized was ambuscade – but none now survives other than as an archaism.
=> bush

ambush (v.)

c. 1300, from Old French embuscher (13c., Modern French embûcher) "to lay an ambush," from en- "in" + busch "wood," apparently from Frankish *busk "bush, woods" (see bush (n.)). Related: Ambushed; ambushing.

ambush (n.)

late 15c., embushe, from the English verb or from Middle French embusche, from Old French embuscher (see ambush (v.)). Earlier was ambushment (late 14c.). Figurative use by 1590s.

中文词源

ambush（埋伏）：隐蔽在灌木丛中偷袭敌人

古代的日耳曼人以游牧和捕猎为生，是天生的猎人和战士，特别擅长在森林里伏击野兽或敌人。公元9年，多个日耳曼部落联合起来，在首领海尔曼（hermann）的率领下，在条顿堡森林设下天罗地网，与古罗马的三个精锐军团展开了一场惨烈的战斗。擅长在平原上排成方阵作战的罗马士兵在地形狭窄的森林里战斗力大受影响，三个军团两万多名将士全部被围歼，生还的不足一百人。条顿堡战役打破了罗马军队不可战胜的神话，使日耳曼人赢得了独立，可为是德国历史上乃至整个日耳曼民族历史上最重要的一场战役。

英语单词ambush（埋伏）就与日耳曼人擅长伏击有关，它来自古法语embuscher，而后者来自法兰克人（日耳曼人中的一支）的语言，由em（=in，进入）+buscher（=bush，灌木丛）组成，字面意思就是“进入至灌木丛中”，也就是“隐蔽在灌木丛中偷袭”的意思。

ambush：['æmbʊʃ] n.埋伏，伏击，伏兵vt.伏击vi.埋伏

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：ambush 词源，ambush 含义。

ambush：埋伏

发音释义：['æmbʊʃ] n. 埋伏，伏击；伏兵vt. 埋伏，伏击vi. 埋伏

结构分析：ambush = am（in）+bush（灌木丛）→躲在灌木丛中→埋伏

词源解释：am←法语en（in），bush←法语busch（灌木丛）←法兰克语busk（灌木丛）

同源词：bush（灌木丛）

衍生词：ambushment（埋伏、伏击、伏兵）

ambush：潜伏

来自法语。am-, 同前缀em-, 进入，使，见embody, 具体化。bush, 丛林。

ambush：伏击，埋伏

16世纪中期来自古法语embusche，因发音错误而后演变为ambush。其终极词源古法语embuscher含有to hide in the bushes /woods（隐藏于灌林丛中）之意，故amhush作“伏击”、“埋伏”或“伏击点”等义解。