amber的词源

英文词源

amber

amber: [14] Amber was borrowed, via Old French, from Arabic ‘anbar, which originally meant ‘ambergris’ (and in fact until the early 18th century amber was used for ‘ambergris’ too). A perceived resemblance between the two substances had already led in Arabic to ‘amber’ ousting ‘ambergris’ as the main meaning of ‘anbar, and this was reflected as soon as English acquired it.

In Scotland until as recently as the early 19th century lamber was the usual form. This arose from borrowing the French word for ‘amber’ complete with its definite article le: l’ambre. Before the introduction of the Arabic term into European languages, the ancestor of modern English glass appears to have been the word used for ‘amber’.
=> ambergris

amber (n.)

mid-14c., "ambergris, perfume made from ambergris," from Old French ambre, from Medieval Latin ambar "ambergris," from Arabic 'anbar "ambergris." In Europe, the sense was extended, inexplicably, to fossil resins from the Baltic (late 13c. in Anglo-Latin; c. 1400 in English), which has become the main sense as the use of ambergris has waned. This formerly was known as white or yellow amber to distinguish it from ambergris, which word entered English early 15c. from French, which distinguished the two substances as ambre gris and amber jaune. The classical word for Baltic amber was electrum (compare electric).

中文词源

amber（琥珀）：抹香鲸的肠道分泌物或树脂化石

英语单词amber最早指的是“龙涎香”——一种极其名贵的香料，其实是抹香鲸的肠道分泌物经过长期自然作用后演变而成的灰白色蜡状漂浮物。阿拉伯人发现 这种物质后，将其命名为anbar，进入法语后变成ambre。在13世纪后期时，不知道什么原因，人们又使用ambre一词来表示树脂的化石，即琥珀， 这就造成了混淆。为了加以区分，人们就用ambre gris（grey ambre）来表示龙涎香，用amber jaune（yellow amber）来表示琥珀。进入英语后，ambre gris就演变成了ambergris（龙涎香），amber jaune则演变成了amber（琥珀）。在香水行业中，人们常常提到“琥珀香”，其实指的是“龙涎香”，是由于混淆了法语ambre一词所表示的“琥珀”和“龙涎香”两个含义的缘故。

amber：['æmbə] n.琥珀，琥珀色adj.琥珀的，琥珀色的

ambergris：['æmbəgrɪs; -iːs] n.龙涎香

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：amber 词源，amber 含义。

amber：琥珀

来自阿拉伯语，龙涎香。传入欧洲，指琥珀。为使表述更明确，则用短语amber jaune. jaune, 同jaundice, 黄疸。