altruism的词源

英文词源

altruism

altruism: [19] Etymologically as well as semantically, altruism contains the notion of ‘other people’. It was borrowed from French altruisme, which was apparently coined in 1830 by the philosopher Auguste Comte on the basis of Italian altrui ‘that which belongs to other people’. This was the oblique case of altro ‘other’, from Latin alter. Littré’s Dictionnaire de la langue française suggests that the coinage was based on such French legal phrases as le bien d’autrui ‘the welfare of others’ and le droit d’autrui ‘the rights of others’ (autrui corresponds to Italian altrui).
=> alias, alter, else

altruism (n .)

1853, "unselfishness, opposite of egoism," from French altruisme, coined or popularized 1830 by French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798-1857), from autrui, from Old French altrui, "of or to others," from Latin alteri, dative of alter "other" (see alter). Apparently suggested to Comte by French legal phrase l'autrui, or in full, le bien, le droit d'autrui. The -l- is perhaps a reinsertion from the Latin word.

There is a fable that when the badger had been stung all over by bees, a bear consoled him by a rhapsodic account of how he himself had just breakfasted on their honey. The badger replied peevishly, "The stings are in my flesh, and the sweetness is on your muzzle." The bear, it is said, was surprised at the badger's want of altruism. ["George Eliot," "Theophrastus Such," 1879]

中文词源

altruism：利他主义

发音释义：['æltrʊɪz(ə)m] n. 利他；利他主义

结构分析：altruism = altrui（他人）+ sm（主义）→利他主义

词源解释：altrui←古法语altrui（他人）←拉丁语alteri（其他，与格）←拉丁语alter（其他）

同源词：altruist（利他主义者），altruistic（利他的）

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：altruism 词源，altruism 含义。

altruism：利他主义

alter, 异，他人。-ism, 主义，见Marxist.

altruism：利他主义

; altruism 利他主义

借自法语altruisme，这是法国哲学家孔德(Auguste Comte，1798—1857)于183o年杜撰的-个词，用作egoism(利己主义)的反义词，由意大利语altrui‘someone else'(别人)或拉丁语alter‘other'(别的)加后缀-isme构成。al-truism释义为“利他主义”，也可指“(动物的)自我牺牲行为”。aiuminium铝aluminium 乃铝之英语名称，许多语言中的对应词在拼法上均与之相同或相似,诸如荷兰语、丹麦语、印度尼西亚语、匈牙利语均作aluminium，法语aluminum，西班牙语alu—minio，意大利语alluminio，波兰语aluminjblm。这些词之所以如此相似是因为英国化学家戴维(Sir Humphry Davy, 1778—1829)1812年发现该金属时将它定名为aluminium的缘故。他在实验中用了矾土(氧化铝),英语和拉丁语均作alumina。他正是用这个词作词根，仿sodium(钠)，potassium(钾)等造了aluminium-词的。美国英语拼作aluminum。

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altruism（利他主义）：法国哲学家孔德杜撰的哲学术语

“利他主义”是指把社会利益放在第一位，为了社会利益而牺牲个人利益的生活态度和行为原则。英语中表示“利他主义”的单词altruism来自法语altruisme，由法国哲学家孔德Auguste Comte在1830年最早创造，由古法语词根altrui-和表示“主义”的后缀-ism组成。altrui-来自拉丁语alteri，是alter（其他的）的与格形式。后人在altruism的基础上又创造了altruist（利他主义者）、altruistic（利他的）等词。

altruism：['æltruɪzəm] n.利他主义

altruist：['æltrʊ,ɪst] n.利他主义者

altruistic：[,æltrʊ'ɪstɪk] adj.利他的，无私的