alderman的词源
英文词源
- alderman
- alderman: [OE] Alderman preserves the notion that those who are old (the ‘elders’) are automatically in charge. In Anglo-Saxon England the ealdor was the chief of a family or clan, by virtue of seniority (the word is based on the adjective eald ‘old’). Alderman (Old English ealdorman) was a political title or rank adopted probably in the early 8th century for someone who exercised in society at large an authority equivalent to that of the ealdor.
In effect, this meant that an alderman acted as a sort of viceroy to the king in a particular district. In the 12th century the title became applied to the governor of a guild, and as the guilds gradually took over some functions of local government, an alderman became a senior councillor. The title was officially abolished in Britain in 1974.
=> old - alderman (n.)
- Old English aldormonn (Mercian), ealdormann (West Saxon) "ruler, prince, chief; chief officer of a shire," from aldor, ealder "patriarch" (comparative of ald "old;" see old) + monn, mann "man" (see man (n.)). A relic of the days when the elders were automatically in charge of the clan or tribe, but already in Old English used for king's viceroys, regardless of age. The word yielded in Old English to eorl, and after the Norman Conquest to count (n.). Meaning "headman of a guild" (early 12c.) passed to "magistrate of a city" (c. 1200) as the guilds became identified with municipal government.
中文词源
alderman（市议员）：古代盎格鲁-撒克逊部落中的长老
古代盎格鲁-撒克逊部落刚入侵不列颠时，还保留了自己的酋长制，各部落中最年长的人担任部落的首领。这种首领在古英语中被称为ealdormann，由ealdor（elder，长老）+mann（man，人）构成。英语单词alderman就由此而来。该称呼对应的官衔在8世纪时相当于国王派驻某地的总督，12世纪时对应于行业公会的首领，后来逐渐演变为市议会的高级顾问、参赞、市议员等职位。1974年，该官衔在英国被正式取消。
alderman：['ɔːldəmən] n.市议员，总督，市府参赞
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：alderman 词源，alderman 含义。
alder, 老的，old的比较级。指古时候部落宗族都由老人当政。比较senator, 参议员，原指老人。
