alarm的词源

英文词源

alarm

alarm: [14] Alarm was originally a call to arms. It comes from the Old Italian phrase all’ arme ‘to the weapons!’ This was lexicalized as the noun allarme, which was borrowed into Old French as alarme, and thence into English. The archaic variant alarum seems to have arisen from an emphatic rolling of the r accompanying a prolongation of the final syllable when the word was used as an exclamation.
=> arm

alarm (n.)

early 14c., from Old French alarme (14c.), from Italian all'arme "to arms!" (literally "to the arms"). An interjection that came to be used as the word for the call or warning (compare alert). Extended 16c. to "any sound to warn of danger or to arouse." Weakened sense of "apprehension, unease" is from 1833. Variant alarum is due to the rolling -r- in the vocalized form. Sometimes in early years anglicized as all-arm. Alarm clock is attested from 1690s (as A Larum clock).

alarm (v.)

1580s, from alarm (n.). Related: Alarmed; alarming.

中文词源

alarm：警报

来自意大利语all’arme, 全部拿起武器。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：alarm 词源，alarm 含义。

alarm：警报，惊慌　　

旧时意大利哨兵发现敌人来袭时常常呼喊all’arme，相当于英语to arms或to the weapon，意思是“准备战斗”。嗣后all’arme合为allarme，古法语和中世纪英语把它吸收了过来，拼作alarme，保留丁它在意大利语的原义。约在16世纪其形式演变为alarum，最后才变成alarrn，而词义也几经变化，先由“准备战斗”转为“突然袭击”，而后又引申为“惊慌”，觋多指“警报”、“警报器”等。和意大利语all’arme同义的古法语短语as armes进入英语后变成to arms，意义没有发生什么变化。

alarm：警报，惊慌，警告器

词根词缀： al-朝向 + -arm-武器 → 原是拿起武器准备战斗的意思