addict的词源

英文词源

addictyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
addict: [16] Originally, addict was an adjective in English, meaning ‘addicted’. It was borrowed from Latin addictus, the past participle of addicere, which meant ‘give over or award to someone’. This in turn was formed from the prefix ad- ‘to’ and the verb dicere. The standard meaning of dicere was ‘say’ (as in English diction, dictionary, and dictate), but it also had the sense ‘adjudge’ or ‘allot’, and that was its force in addicere.
=> dictate, diction, dictionary
addict (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1530s (implied in addicted), from Latin addictus, past participle of addicere "to deliver, award, yield; give assent, make over, sell," figuratively "to devote, consecrate; sacrifice, sell out, betray" from ad- "to" (see ad-) + dicere "say, declare" (see diction), but also "adjudge, allot." Earlier in English as an adjective, "delivered, devoted" (1520s). Related: Addicted; addicting.
addict (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1909, in reference to morphine, from addict (v.).

中文词源

addict(有瘾的人):等待发落的奴隶

古代奴隶的主要来源是战俘。在古希腊和古罗马时期,西方人就将战争中俘虏的战俘作为奴隶分配给战士或卖给其他人。在拉丁语中,这种成为奴隶的战俘被称为addictus,是addicere的过去分词。addicere由ad(to)+dicere(dict,宣告)构成,意思就是“待发落的、待分配的”。英语单词addict就来自拉丁语addictus,意思就是“等待发落的”。它原本是一个形容词,后来变成了名词,表示“任人发落的奴隶”,后来用来形容任何像奴隶那样缺乏自主性、依赖他人或他物的人。现在该词主要用来表示那些对某种事物或行为上瘾、产生依赖性的人,而“奴隶”之意转移到单词slave上。

addict:['ædɪkt] n.有瘾的人,入迷的人,痴迷者vt.使沉迷,使上瘾

addictive:[ə'dɪktɪv] adj.上瘾的,成瘾的

addiction:[ə'dɪkʃ(ə)n] n.上瘾,痴迷,沉迷

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:addict 词源,addict 含义。

addict:有瘾的人

发音释义:['ædɪkt] n. 有瘾的人;入迷的人vt. 使沉溺;使上瘾

结构分析:addict = ad(去)+dict(说、命令)→听从命令→任其发落→入迷、上瘾

词源解释:dict←拉丁语dicere(说)

背景知识:在古希腊和古罗马时期,人们将战俘作为奴隶分配给战士或卖给其他人。在拉丁语中,这种成为奴隶的战俘被称为addictus,是addicere的过去分词,意思就是“待发落的、待分配的”。英语单词addict就来自拉丁语addictus,意思就是“等待发落的”,表示“任人发落的奴隶”。后来该词被用来形容任何像奴隶那样缺乏自主性、依赖他人或他物的人。现在该词主要用来表示那些对某种事物或行为上瘾、产生依赖性的人。

同源词: diction(措辞),addictive(上瘾的),addiction(上瘾,沉溺)

addict:上瘾

前缀ad-, 去,往。词根dict, 说,声称,同dictionary。该词词义众多,此处可能用于祈祷,信奉神灵,着迷。后指上瘾。比较devout, 虔诚的,词源同voice,声音,说话。

addict:使成瘾,使入迷

来源于拉丁语中由前缀ad-(临近)和动词dicere(说)组成的复合动词addicere(交出)的过去分词addictus;dicere在此处也有"裁决"、"分派"的意义。

词根词缀: ad-临近 + -dict-说,讲