achieve的词源

英文词源

achieve

achieve: [14] Achieve is related to chief. It comes from Old French achever ‘bring to an end’, or literally ‘bring to a head’, which was based on the phrase a chief ‘to a head’ (chief derives ultimately from Latin caput ‘head’). The heraldic meaning of achievement, ‘coat of arms’, comes from the notion that the escutcheon was granted as a reward for a particular achievement. Over the centuries it has evolved an alternative form, hatchment [16].
=> chief, hatchment

achieve (v.)

early 14c., from Old French achever (12c.) "to finish, accomplish, complete," from phrase à chef (venir) "at an end, finished," or Vulgar Latin *accapare, from Late Latin ad caput (venire); both the French and Late Latin phrases meaning literally "to come to a head," from stem of Latin caput "head" (see capitulum).

The Lat. caput, towards the end of the Empire, and in Merov[ingian] times, took the sense of an end, whence the phrase ad caput venire, in the sense of to come to an end .... Venire ad caput naturally produced the Fr. phrase venir à chef = venir à bout. ... From this chief, O.Fr. form of chef (q.v.) in sense of term, end, comes the Fr. compd. achever = venir à chef, to end, finish. [Auguste Brachet, "An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language," transl. G.W. Kitchin, Oxford, 1878]

Related: Achieved; achieving.

中文词源

achieve：达到

前缀a-同ad-, 去，往。-chieve同chief, 头，来自词根cap, 头，见captain,队长。指到头，达到。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：achieve 词源，achieve 含义。

achieve：完成，获得

; achieve 完成，达到，获得

achieve似乎是个简单的次，但是其历史却相当复杂，说来有点令人难以置信。它源于拉丁短语 ad caput venire 'come to a head'（达到顶点）。古罗马人有时用此语来表示‘死’。以后古法语借用了此语的前半部ad caput, 并据此造了动词 achever 'finish'（完成）。该词进入英语后，形式作achieve。在乔叟时代，甚至一直到了莎士比亚时代achieve仍被用以表示“死”或“杀死”。莎翁在《亨利五世》中就把achieve用于此义。亨利王对法国使臣蒙乔(Montjoy)说了这样一句话:"Bid them achieve me and then sell my bones."(叫他们先杀了我，然后再卖我的骨头。)（第4幕第3场）此意后来逐渐消失，在现代英语中achieve通常表示“完成”、“实现”、“达到”等义。另有几个英语单词，如chief（首领，主要的），mischief（恶作剧）等，同achieve有亲缘关系，因为他们也源自拉丁语caput（头）。

;

achieve：完成(任务)，达到(目标)，成功

来源于古法语achever(到头,到顶部)

同源词：achievement, chef, chief