Mass的词源
英文词源
- mass
- mass: English has two distinct words mass. The one meaning ‘Eucharist’ [OE] comes from late Latin missa, a noun use of the feminine past participle of mittere ‘send’ (source of English admit, commit, dismiss, mission, etc) possibly arising from Ite, missa est ‘Go, it is the dismissal’, the last words of the Latin Eucharist service. Mass ‘amount of matter’ [14] comes via Old French masse and Latin massa from Greek maza ‘barley cake’, hence ‘lump, mass’.
The derivative massive [15] goes back ultimately to Vulgar Latin *massīceus. A possible relative is massage [19], a borrowing from French. It was a derivative of masser ‘massage’, which may have been acquired from Portuguese amassar ‘knead’, a verb based on massa ‘mass, dough’.
=> admit, commit, dismiss, mission, transmit; massage, massive - mass (v.)
- "to gather in a mass" (intransitive), 1560s, from mass (n.1) or from French masser. Transitive sense by c. 1600. Related: Massed; massing.
- mass (n.1)
- "lump, quantity, size," late 14c., from Old French masse "lump, heap, pile; crowd, large amount; ingot, bar" (11c.), and directly from Latin massa "kneaded dough, lump, that which adheres together like dough," probably from Greek maza "barley cake, lump, mass, ball," related to massein "to knead," from PIE root *mag- "to knead" (source of Lithuanian minkyti "to knead," see macerate). Sense extended in English 1580s to "a large quantity, amount, or number." Strict sense in physics is from 1704.
As an adjective from 1733, first attested in mass meeting in American English. mass culture is from 1916 in sociology (earlier in biology); mass hysteria is from 1914; mass media is from 1923; mass movement is from 1897; mass production is from 1920; mass grave is from 1918; mass murder from 1880. - mass (n.2)
- "Eucharistic service," Old English mæsse, from Vulgar Latin *messa "eucharistic service," literally "dismissal," from Late Latin missa "dismissal," fem. past participle of mittere "to let go, send" (see mission); probably so called from the concluding words of the service, Ite, missa est, "Go, (the prayer) has been sent," or "Go, it is the dismissal." Sometimes glossed in Old English as sendnes "send-ness."
中文词源
来自拉丁语missa,解散，遣散，词源同mission,emit.宗教词义弥撒来自弥撒仪式后的解散语”Ite,missa est”,即走吧，解散了，ite,走，离开，词源同exit,missa,解散，词源同emit,est,是，词源同is,essence.
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：Mass 词源，Mass 含义。
mass：团，块，堆，物质质量
来自拉丁语massa,大块，面团，来自PIE*mag,揉，捏，词源同make,massage.引申词义团，块，堆，以及用于物理学术语物质质量，原子质量等。
英语里有两个mass。用作宗教术语的mass指天主教的圣体圣事仪式，汉语作“弥撒”。在这种仪式结束时神父总要用拉丁语说：“Ite，missa est”，相当于英语“Go，it is the dismissal”或“Go,you are dismissed”。显然，这是神父遣散全体参与者的用语。到了公元8世纪，其中missa一词开始被用以指整个弥撒仪式，进人中世纪英语作masse，最后演变为mass。可见mass原来的含义为dismissal（解散，遗散），而汉语“弥撒”则为拉丁语missa之音译，而绝非译自英语。若再进一步追根溯源的话，我们可发现missa派生自拉丁动词mittere‘to send’（派遣），英语里的mission（使团，使节）和missionary（传教士）也是源自该拉丁词。
另一个mass是普通词，作“块”、“堆”、“群众”等义解，其词源和意为“弥撒”的mass截然不同。它源自希腊语maza‘barley cake’（大麦饼），由法语masse‘kneaded dough’（揉好的面团）演变而来。出于同源的还有amass（枳聚）和massive（大而重的）等词。
mass：团，块；众多，大量
来源于希腊语maza(大麦蛋糕)在古法语中派生的masse和在拉丁语中派生的massa。
古代教会举行感恩祭，礼仪结束时，都要向参礼者说“Ite，Missa，est”，即“仪式结束，你们离开吧”。拉丁语missa表“离开，解散”，后用该词指代此仪式，即“弥撒”，今作Mass。Christmas（圣诞节）的字面义为“基督弥撒”。词根miss“发出”同源，如mission（任务）。
