Buck的词源

英文词源

buck

buck: [OE] Old English had two related words which have coalesced into modern English buck: bucca ‘male goat’ and buc ‘male deer’. Both go back to a prehistoric Germanic stem *buk-, and beyond that probably to an Indo-European source. The 18th-century meaning ‘dashing fellow’ probably comes ultimately from the related Old Norse bokki, a friendly term for a male colleague, which was originally adopted in English in the 14th century meaning simply ‘fellow’. The colloquial American sense ‘dollar’ comes from an abbreviation of buckskin, which was used as a unit of trade with the Native Americans in Frontier days.
=> butcher

buck (n.1)

"male deer," c. 1300, earlier "male goat;" from Old English bucca "male goat," from Proto-Germanic *bukkon (cognates: Old Saxon buck, Middle Dutch boc, Dutch bok, Old High German boc, German Bock, Old Norse bokkr), perhaps from a PIE root *bhugo (cognates: Avestan buza "buck, goat," Armenian buc "lamb"), but some speculate that it is from a lost pre-Germanic language. Barnhart says Old English buc "male deer," listed in some sources, is a "ghost word or scribal error."

Meaning "dollar" is 1856, American English, perhaps an abbreviation of buckskin, a unit of trade among Indians and Europeans in frontier days, attested in this sense from 1748. Pass the buck is first recorded in the literal sense 1865, American English:

The 'buck' is any inanimate object, usually knife or pencil, which is thrown into a jack pot and temporarily taken by the winner of the pot. Whenever the deal reaches the holder of the 'buck', a new jack pot must be made. [J.W. Keller, "Draw Poker," 1887]

Perhaps originally especially a buck-handled knife. The figurative sense of "shift responsibility" is first recorded 1912. Buck private is recorded by 1870s, of uncertain signification.

buck (v.)

1848, apparently with a sense of "jump like a buck," from buck (n.1). Related: Bucked; bucking. Buck up "cheer up" is from 1844.

buck (n.2)

"sawhorse," 1817, American English, apparently from Dutch bok "trestle."

中文词源

buck（美元）：作为衡量商品价值基本单位的鹿皮

欧洲殖民者刚来到北美大陆时，与当地印第安人进行交易时往往采取以物易物的方式。当时，鹿皮（buckskin）是北美人最常见的商品，因此人们就用鹿皮作为衡量商品价值的基本单位。在描述一件商品值多少钱时，往往会说它值几张鹿皮。因此，buckskin一词就成了货币的基本单位。后来，该词被缩略为buck。美元开始流通后，美国人在口语中继续使用buck作为货币单位，等同于美元。

buck：[bʌk] n.雄鹿，钱，美元

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：buck 词源，buck 含义。

buck：雄鹿、美元

发音释义：[bʌk] n. 雄鹿；美元；花花公子；美国印第安或非洲裔小伙子；玩牌时表示庄家身份的标识物品；责任v.（像雄鹿那样）猛然弓背跃起；抵制；猛然震荡

词源解释：buck←古英语bucca（公山羊）←原始日耳曼语bukkon（公山羊）

同源词：butcher（屠夫←宰杀公山羊的人）

在美国俚语中，buck还可以表示“美元”，这是因为，欧洲殖民者刚来到北美大陆时，与当地印第安人进行交易时往往采取以物易物的方式。当时，鹿皮（buckskin）是北美人最常见的商品，因此人们就用鹿皮作为衡量商品价值的基本单位。在描述一件商品值多少钱时，往往会说它值几张鹿皮。因此，buckskin一词就成了货币的基本单位。后来，该词被缩略为buck。美元开始流通后，美国人在口语中继续使用buck作为货币单位，等同于美元。

buck还可以表示“责任”，这种说法起源于玩牌时放在庄家面前代表庄家身份的物品，最初常常是鹿角握柄的猎刀（buckhorn knife），后来简略为buck。由于玩牌时为求公平，常常采用轮流坐庄的方式，因此buck放到谁面前就意味着谁要承担庄家的责任，故此buck一词衍生出“责任”的含义。pass the buck指的就是把buck传到下一家，后来幽默作家马克·吐温在其文章中，首先将其引申为“寻找借口、推诿责任或把过失推给别人”之义，因而一举成为流行一时的俚语。20世纪40年代，美国总统杜鲁门为杜绝政府官僚推诿责任（pass the buck），乃根据此俚语创造出另一句话，也是他放在椭圆形办公桌上的著名座右铭“the buck stops here”，意思是“责任止于此，绝不推诿”。

词组习语：buck up（振作起来）；make a buck（赚钱）；big bucks（一大笔钱）；a fast（或quick）buck（快钱）；the buck stops here（绝不推卸责任）；pass the buck（推卸责任）

buck：一美元，雄鹿

来自PIE *bhug, 公羊，同时指公鹿，公兔等其它雄性动物，后主要指雄鹿。美元义来自于美国西部大开发中鹿皮做为土著印地安人和欧洲殖民者间的货币媒介。

Buck：’s Fizz 巴克泡腾酒

因在伦敦著名的Buck’s Club首次调制出而得名。

buck：(美俚语)(一)美元，(一)澳元；雄鹿，雄兔

作“雄鹿,雄兔”的意义时,来源于史前日耳曼语*buk-在古英语中派生的bucca(公山羊)和buc(雄鹿)。