1.In the mental world, the reference adapts to the intentions, motivations, and emotions, etc. of the utterer or the interpreter.
在心理世界里，指称词语顺应了说话者和观众的意图、动机和情绪等。
2.Such mistakes may say something about the utterer (or may not), but they almost certainly tell us nothing about the candidate.
一些错误言语可能会告诉我们一些东西（或也许不会），但是他们的话对于我们了解候选人几乎毫无帮助。
3.the metapragmatic awareness which shows the cognition or attitude of the utterer for the topic;
标示说话人对后继信息的认知或态度的元语用意识；
4.People May infer from an utterance all sorts of things which neither the utterance nor the utterer implied
人们会从一段发言里猜测出各种各样既不是发言本身所含有，又不是发言人所暗示的意思来。