1.贫穷;缺乏 (of)
2.吝啬
1.the state of being extremely poor
1.God, when he gave the world in common to all mankind, commanded man also to labour, and the penury of his condition required it of him.
上帝，当他将这个世界赐给人类共有的时候，也令其必需劳动，而人的贫乏境况也会这样要求。
2.China is no longer the destination for those looking to accumulate hardship tales of scarcity, penury and adversity overcome.
中国不再是那些为了填补传奇故事的空白，克服贫瘠和坎坷的族人的目的地了。
3.It led to a condition of penury which led him briefly into a debtor's prison, a thing I have always dreaded.
这直接导致了父亲极度的贫困，也使他被投入负债人监狱，监禁了一段时间，这是一件我一直害怕的事。
4.One woman we talked to had started in such penury that four of her children had died of starvation or disease.
我们和另一个女人聊过。一开始，她穷困潦倒，有四个孩子或死于饥饿，或死于疾病。
5.It has stymied every effort towards economic reform, deterring investors and letting the country slide more deeply into penury and debt.
它阻碍了经济改革的各项工作，吓退了投资者，使国家越来越深地陷入贫困与债务的深渊。
6.The marriage began in penury though things looked up after 1952 when Newton became the first contract photographer for American Vogue.
他们的婚后生活起初比较贫苦，但自从1952年牛顿成为《时尚》美国版的首位签约摄影师之后情况就有所好转。
7.The penury once even prompted a staff member to suggest operating a taxi company to generate revenue.
资金拮据甚至一度促使一名工作人员建议经营一家出租车公司产生收益。
8.This is a tremendous achievement of the western model; its permanent abolition of material penury makes it more attractive still.
这是西方模式取得的巨大成就；同时，它永久地消除了物质匮乏，这更增添了它的吸引力。
9.Aid workers say that in reality the nation has been driven deep into penury.
援助工人们表示真实的情况是，整个国家已经一穷二白。
10.Many have escaped rural penury in China's interior to work as migrants in the booming factories and building sites of the coastal belt.
因为中国中部地区许多人们离开了贫困的农村来到快速发展的工厂以及沿海地区的建设工地打工。