1.由于芒刺而变粗糙的
1.covered in short spines or points
1.Herbs perennial, twining, with glabrous or minutely muricate axial parts.
多年生草本，缠绕，无毛的具或微小的轴深裂。
2.Stem leaves smaller above; ocrea large, to 15 cm, outside muricate.
大的托叶鞘，在15厘米，在粗糙外边。
3.ocrea ca. 2 cm, glabrous or muricate, scarious when dry, clasping.
托叶鞘约2厘米，干燥时无毛或者粗糙，干膜质，抱茎。
4.Stem slender, hollow, 3. 5-5 mm in diam. , internode very long, not branched, slightly muricate, sparsely hispidulous.
茎纤细，空，3.5-5毫米直径，非常长的节间，不分枝，有点粗糙，疏生短硬毛。
5.Capsules subglobose, smooth or muricate, of 3 2-valved cocci.
近球形的蒴果，平滑或者，3枚2瓣裂浆果。
6.Petiole of basal leaf subterete, shorter than or ca. as long as blade, muricate beneath;
基生叶叶柄近圆柱状，短于或近等长于叶片，在下面；
7.petiole purple-red, subterete, 4-10 cm, stout, glabrous or muricate;
叶柄紫红色，近圆柱状，4-10厘米，粗壮，无毛或粗糙；