1.Landholding and government employment were no longer the only means of gaining wealth and prestige.
拥有领地和在政府任职已经不是获得财富和声望的唯一途径了。
2.New employment opportunities provided more channels for a family's economic gain than just landholding.
新的用工机会比土地耕种为家庭的经济收入提供了更多的渠道。
3.As a result, landholding is fragmented.
结果就是土地所有权分散。
4.A discussion about the systematical obstacle of realization of collective landholding right and its improvement
论集体土地所有权实现的制度障碍及其完善
5.The Landholding System before Liberation in Shanghai Songjiang District
上海松江区解放前的土地所有