英语词典化工词典

bromodichloromethane

bromodichloromethane


  • 中文别名:二氯溴甲烷
  • 中文释义:一溴二氯甲烷;二氯溴甲烷;二氯一溴甲烷;溴二氯代甲烷
  • 英文别名:bromodichloromethane;
    BROMODICHLOROMETHANE;
    bromo(dichloro)methane 
  • CAS No.:75-27-4
  • 分子式:CHBrCl2
  • 分子量:163.83
  • 精确分子量:161.86400
  • PSA:0.00000
  • MDL:MFCD00000824
  • InChI:InChI=1/CHBrCl2/c2-1(3)4/h1H
  • 分子结构式:

物化性质

密度:
1.98 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点:
−55 °C(lit.)
沸点:
87 °C(lit.)
闪点:
87-89°C
折射率:
n20/D 1.497(lit.)
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥
稳定性相关:

对机体有不可逆损伤的可能性。使用时应穿防护服、戴手套。

其它信息:

1.性状:无色液体。

2.相对密度(g/mL,20/4℃):1.980

3.相对蒸汽密度(g/mL,空气=1):未确定

4.熔点(ºC):-55

5.沸点(ºC,常压):87

6.沸点(ºC,5.2kPa):未确定

7.折射率(20ºC):1.4967

8.气相标准声称热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-48.8

9.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1):316.30

10.气相标准生成自由能(kJ·mol-1):-32.8

11.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):67.62

12.饱和蒸气压(kPa,60ºC):未确定

13.燃烧热(KJ/mol):未确定

14.临界温度(ºC):未确定

15.临界压力(KPa):未确定

16.油水(辛醇/水)分配系数的对数值:未确定

17.爆炸上限(%,V/V):未确定

18.爆炸下限(%,V/V):未确定

19.溶解性:溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯、氯仿,微溶于水。

安全信息

密度:
1.98 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点:
−55 °C(lit.)
沸点:
87 °C(lit.)
闪点:
87-89°C
折射率:
n20/D 1.497(lit.)
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥
稳定性相关:

对机体有不可逆损伤的可能性。使用时应穿防护服、戴手套。

其它信息:

1.性状:无色液体。

2.相对密度(g/mL,20/4℃):1.980

3.相对蒸汽密度(g/mL,空气=1):未确定

4.熔点(ºC):-55

5.沸点(ºC,常压):87

6.沸点(ºC,5.2kPa):未确定

7.折射率(20ºC):1.4967

8.气相标准声称热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-48.8

9.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1):316.30

10.气相标准生成自由能(kJ·mol-1):-32.8

11.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):67.62

12.饱和蒸气压(kPa,60ºC):未确定

13.燃烧热(KJ/mol):未确定

14.临界温度(ºC):未确定

15.临界压力(KPa):未确定

16.油水(辛醇/水)分配系数的对数值:未确定

17.爆炸上限(%,V/V):未确定

18.爆炸下限(%,V/V):未确定

19.溶解性:溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯、氯仿,微溶于水。

毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
PA5310000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Methane, bromodichloro-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
75-27-4
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1697005
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
37
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C-H-Br-Cl2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
163.83
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
GYGE

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
430 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
450 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in circulation (hemorrhage, thrombosis, etc.) Liver - fatty liver degeneration Blood - hemorrhage
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5670 mg/kg/4W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
19500 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
9828 mg/kg/9W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
20075 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - fatty liver degeneration Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3500 mg/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
25500 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
25500 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
51 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
38250 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
750 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION :
10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TECSDY Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. (Gordon & Breach Science Pub. Inc., 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.3(3/4)- 1981- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,205,1987 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,179,1991 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,179,1991 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,179,1991 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5772 No. of Facilities: 7 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 3266 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 502 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

口服有害。对眼睛、呼吸系统及皮肤有刺激性。对机体有不可逆损伤的可能性。雄、雌小鼠经口LD50为450mg/kg、900mg/kg。

MSDS

国标编号:
CAS: 75-27-4
中文名称: 一溴二氯甲烷
英文名称: Monobromo-dichloro-methane;Bro
别 名: 二氯溴甲烷
分子式: CHBrCl2;BrCHCl2
分子量: 163.8
熔 点: -56.9℃
密 度: 2.006
蒸汽压:
溶解性: 难溶于水,溶于醇、苯、醚等有机溶剂
稳定性:
外观与性状: 无色液体
危险标记:
用 途: 来源:饮用水消毒产物

2.对环境的影响


一、健康危害
 一溴二氯甲烷的毒性比三氯甲烷稍大,具有卤代烃化合物的共性,即对皮肤及粘膜有强烈的刺激性。能够经皮肤吸收后,侵蚀中枢神经,也作用于肺、心、肝、肾上腺和胃肠等内脏器管而引起中毒。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
亚急性和慢性毒性:小鼠经口50mg/kg/日×14日肝肿大,体液免疫功能抑制;小鼠经口125mg/kg/日×14日肝肿大,血液葡萄糖含量下降,体液免疫功能抑制;小鼠经口250mg/kg/日×14日肝脾肿大,肝肾功能异常。
  一溴二氯甲烷存在于水环境和底质环境中。环境监测结果表明,在饮用水中已被检出含有一溴二氯甲烷。尤其是经过加氯处理后的饮用水,该卤代烃污染物的含量,最高可达100μg/L左右。美国安全饮水委员会饮水调查结果表明,在饮用水源水中,一溴二氯甲烷的最高浓度为11μg/L,而在经过处理的水中最高浓度达到116μg/L。一般认为饮用水中这些卤化物是因为加氯过程中,消毒灭菌的同时,氯化了水体中天然存在的有机物质所生成的。

3.现场应急监测方法


直接进水样气相色谱法

4.实验室监测方法


吹扫捕集-气相色谱法(中国环境监测总站,水质)
气相色谱法《常见有毒化学品环境事故应急处置技术与监测方法》胡望钧主编
气相色谱法《固体废弃物试验与分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译

5.环境标准


美国(1981)饮用水(瓶装水)0.1mg/ L

6.应急处理处置方法


防止沾污扩散:为降低饮用水中一溴二氯甲烷,研究氯化前破坏或去除可被卤化的有机母体的方法,将可导致降低自来水中氯化产物及其对人类健康的危害。当饮用水水源中含有较高有机物质(微粒态或吸附在矿物微粒上的溶质)时,先混凝和过滤去除大量的有机物质,然后氯化处理,能直接减少包括一溴二氯甲烷在内的三卤甲烷的产生。

分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率:24.07

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):81.3

3、等张比容(90.2K):198.3

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):35.3

5、极化率(10-24cm3):9.54

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):2.4

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:0

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:13.5

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

热门化工词典词汇