2-Propanone


  • 中文别名:丙酮
  • 中文释义:丙酮;二甲酮;二甲基酮;2-丙酮
  • 英文别名:2-Propanone;
    Acetone (8CI);
    Methyl ketone (6CI);
    Dimethyl ketone;
    Dimethylformaldehyde;
    NSC 135802;
    Propanone;
    Pyroacetic ether;
    Taimax;
    β-Ketopropane 
  • CAS No.:67-64-1
  • 分子式:

    C3H6O

  • 分子量:58.08
  • 精确分子量:58.04187
  • PSA:17.07000
  • MDL:MFCD00008765
  • InChI:The Key: WJHQDZDLNHJCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • 分子结构式:

物化性质

外观与性状:
透明液体
密度:
0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点:
-94 °C(lit.)
沸点:
56 ºC/760 mmHg(lit.)
闪点:
1 °F
水溶解性:
soluble
折射率:
n20/D 1.359(lit.)
蒸汽密度:
2 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法:

1.本品具高度易燃性,有严重火灾危险,属于甲类火灾危险物质。储存于阴凉干燥、良好通风处,远离热源、火源和有禁忌的物质。所有容器都应放在地面上。但久贮和回收的丙酮常有酸性杂质存在,对金属有腐蚀性。

2.用200L(53USgal)铁桶包装,每桶净重160kg,铁桶内部应清洁、干燥。贮存于干燥、通风处,温度保持在35℃以下,装卸、运输时防止猛烈撞击,并防止日晒雨淋。按防火防爆化学品规定贮运。

3.储存注意事项[26] 储存于阴凉、通风良好的专用库房内,远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过29℃。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、还原剂、碱类分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

稳定性相关:

1.无色易挥发易燃液体,微有香气。 丙酮能与水、乙醇、多元醇、酯、醚、酮、烃、卤代烃等极性和非极性溶剂相混溶,是一种典型的溶剂。除棕榈油等少数油类外,几乎所有的油脂都能溶解。并能溶解纤维素、聚甲基丙烯酸、酚醛、聚酯等多种树脂。对环氧树脂溶解能力较差,对聚乙烯、呋喃树脂、聚偏二氯乙烯等树脂不易溶解。虫胶、橡胶、沥青、石蜡等则难以溶解。本品属于微毒性,如蒸气浓度不明或超过暴露极限时,应佩带合适的呼吸器。对日光、酸碱不稳定。沸点低,挥发性大。

2.化学性质:丙酮是脂肪族酮类最有代表性的化合物,具有酮类的典型反应。例如,与亚硫酸氢钠形成无色结晶的加成物。与氰化氢反应生成丙酮氰醇[(CH3)2C(OH)CN]。在还原剂作用下生成异丙醇与频哪酮。丙酮对氧化剂化较稳定。在室温以下不会被硝酸氧化。用碱性高锰酸钾或铬酸等强氧化剂氧化时,生成乙酸、甲酸、二氧化碳和水。在碱存在下发生双分子缩合,生成双丙酮醇。2mol丙酮在各种酸性催化剂(盐酸、氯化锌或硫酸)存在下,生成亚异丙基丙酮,再与1mol丙酮加成,生成佛尔酮(二亚异丙基丙酮)。3mol丙酮在浓硫酸作用下,脱去3mol水,生成1,3,5-三甲苯。在石灰、醇钠或氨基钠存在下,缩合生成异佛尔酮(3,5,5-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮)。在酸或碱存在下,与醛或酮发生缩合反应,生成酮醇、不饱和酮及树脂状物质。与苯酚在酸存在下,缩合成双酚A。丙酮的α-氢原子容易被卤素取代,生成α卤代丙酮。与次卤酸钠或卤素的碱溶液作用生成卤仿。丙酮与Grignard试剂发生加成作用,加成产物水解后得到叔醇。丙酮与氨及其衍生物如羟胺、肼、苯肼等也能发生缩合反应。此外,丙酮在500~1000℃时发生热裂,生成乙烯酮。在170~260℃通过硅铝催化剂时,生成异丁烯和乙醛;300~350℃时生成异丁烯和乙酸等。

3.易燃有毒物品,毒性中等。轻度中毒对眼及上呼吸道黏膜有刺激作用,重度中毒有晕厥、痉挛,尿中出现蛋白和红细胞等症状,小鼠暴露在丙酮蒸气①30~40mg/L、②150mg/L中2小时,结果:①呈侧卧的中毒症状;②致死。人体发生中毒时,应立即离开现场,呼吸新鲜空气,重者送医院抢救。空气中最高容许浓度1000*10-6。操作现场应保持良好的通风,操作人员应穿戴防护用品。

4.丙酮属低毒类,近似于乙醇。主要对中枢神经系统有麻醉作用,吸入蒸气能引起头痛、眼花、呕吐等症状,空气中的嗅觉界限为3.80mg/m3。对眼、鼻、舌黏膜多次接触能引起炎症。蒸气浓度为9488mg/m3时,60分钟后就会呈现头痛、刺激支气管、昏迷不醒等中毒症状。嗅觉阈浓度1.2~2.44mg/m3。TJ 36-79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为360mg/m3。

5.稳定性[23] 稳定

6.禁配物[24] 强氧化剂、强还原剂、碱

7.聚合危害[25] 不聚合

其它信息:

1.性状:无色透明易流动液体,有芳香气味,极易挥发。[1]

2.熔点(℃):-95[2]

3.沸点(℃):56.5[3]

4.相对密度(水=1):0.80[4]

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.00[5]

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):24(20℃)[6]

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-1788.7[7]

8.临界温度(℃):235.5[8]

9.临界压力(MPa):4.72[9]

10.辛醇/水分配系数:-0.24[10]

11.闪点(℃):-18(CC);-9.4(OC)[11]

12.引燃温度(℃):465[12]

13.爆炸上限(%):13.0[13]

14.爆炸下限(%):2.2[14]

15.溶解性:与水混溶,可混溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、油类、烃类等多数有机溶剂。[15]

16.折射率(n20ºC):1.3589

17.折射率(n25ºC):1.3560

18.黏度(mPa·s,25ºC):0.316

19.比旋光度(º,c=3, 氯仿中):+199.3

20.蒸发热(KJ/mol,56.1ºC):29.11

21.熔化热(KJ/mol,15ºC):5.72

22.生成热(KJ/mol,25ºC,液体):246.98

23.燃烧热(KJ/mol,25ºC,液体):1791.0

24.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压,气体):1.28

25.沸点上升常数:1.71

26.电导率(S/m,25ºC):5.8×10-8

27.热导率(W/(m·K),室温):1.9762

28.体膨胀系数(K-1,20ºC):0.00144

29.体膨胀系数(K-1,0~100ºC平均):0.00162

30.临界密度(g·cm-3):0.273

31.临界体积(cm3·mol-1):213

32.临界压缩因子:0.237

33.偏心因子:0.306

34.Lennard-Jones参数(A):5.1864

35.Lennard-Jones参数(K):148.07

36.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:19.774

37.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):5.840×109

38.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):39.040

39.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-1820.7

40.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :-217.3

41.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :295.46

42.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-152.8

43.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):74.52

44.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-1861.5

45.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):-248.1

46.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :200.0

47.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-155.2

48.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):126.6

安全信息

外观与性状:
透明液体
密度:
0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
熔点:
-94 °C(lit.)
沸点:
56 ºC/760 mmHg(lit.)
闪点:
1 °F
水溶解性:
soluble
折射率:
n20/D 1.359(lit.)
蒸汽密度:
2 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法:

1.本品具高度易燃性,有严重火灾危险,属于甲类火灾危险物质。储存于阴凉干燥、良好通风处,远离热源、火源和有禁忌的物质。所有容器都应放在地面上。但久贮和回收的丙酮常有酸性杂质存在,对金属有腐蚀性。

2.用200L(53USgal)铁桶包装,每桶净重160kg,铁桶内部应清洁、干燥。贮存于干燥、通风处,温度保持在35℃以下,装卸、运输时防止猛烈撞击,并防止日晒雨淋。按防火防爆化学品规定贮运。

3.储存注意事项[26] 储存于阴凉、通风良好的专用库房内,远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过29℃。保持容器密封。应与氧化剂、还原剂、碱类分开存放,切忌混储。采用防爆型照明、通风设施。禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

稳定性相关:

1.无色易挥发易燃液体,微有香气。 丙酮能与水、乙醇、多元醇、酯、醚、酮、烃、卤代烃等极性和非极性溶剂相混溶,是一种典型的溶剂。除棕榈油等少数油类外,几乎所有的油脂都能溶解。并能溶解纤维素、聚甲基丙烯酸、酚醛、聚酯等多种树脂。对环氧树脂溶解能力较差,对聚乙烯、呋喃树脂、聚偏二氯乙烯等树脂不易溶解。虫胶、橡胶、沥青、石蜡等则难以溶解。本品属于微毒性,如蒸气浓度不明或超过暴露极限时,应佩带合适的呼吸器。对日光、酸碱不稳定。沸点低,挥发性大。

2.化学性质:丙酮是脂肪族酮类最有代表性的化合物,具有酮类的典型反应。例如,与亚硫酸氢钠形成无色结晶的加成物。与氰化氢反应生成丙酮氰醇[(CH3)2C(OH)CN]。在还原剂作用下生成异丙醇与频哪酮。丙酮对氧化剂化较稳定。在室温以下不会被硝酸氧化。用碱性高锰酸钾或铬酸等强氧化剂氧化时,生成乙酸、甲酸、二氧化碳和水。在碱存在下发生双分子缩合,生成双丙酮醇。2mol丙酮在各种酸性催化剂(盐酸、氯化锌或硫酸)存在下,生成亚异丙基丙酮,再与1mol丙酮加成,生成佛尔酮(二亚异丙基丙酮)。3mol丙酮在浓硫酸作用下,脱去3mol水,生成1,3,5-三甲苯。在石灰、醇钠或氨基钠存在下,缩合生成异佛尔酮(3,5,5-三甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮)。在酸或碱存在下,与醛或酮发生缩合反应,生成酮醇、不饱和酮及树脂状物质。与苯酚在酸存在下,缩合成双酚A。丙酮的α-氢原子容易被卤素取代,生成α卤代丙酮。与次卤酸钠或卤素的碱溶液作用生成卤仿。丙酮与Grignard试剂发生加成作用,加成产物水解后得到叔醇。丙酮与氨及其衍生物如羟胺、肼、苯肼等也能发生缩合反应。此外,丙酮在500~1000℃时发生热裂,生成乙烯酮。在170~260℃通过硅铝催化剂时,生成异丁烯和乙醛;300~350℃时生成异丁烯和乙酸等。

3.易燃有毒物品,毒性中等。轻度中毒对眼及上呼吸道黏膜有刺激作用,重度中毒有晕厥、痉挛,尿中出现蛋白和红细胞等症状,小鼠暴露在丙酮蒸气①30~40mg/L、②150mg/L中2小时,结果:①呈侧卧的中毒症状;②致死。人体发生中毒时,应立即离开现场,呼吸新鲜空气,重者送医院抢救。空气中最高容许浓度1000*10-6。操作现场应保持良好的通风,操作人员应穿戴防护用品。

4.丙酮属低毒类,近似于乙醇。主要对中枢神经系统有麻醉作用,吸入蒸气能引起头痛、眼花、呕吐等症状,空气中的嗅觉界限为3.80mg/m3。对眼、鼻、舌黏膜多次接触能引起炎症。蒸气浓度为9488mg/m3时,60分钟后就会呈现头痛、刺激支气管、昏迷不醒等中毒症状。嗅觉阈浓度1.2~2.44mg/m3。TJ 36-79规定车间空气中最高容许浓度为360mg/m3。

5.稳定性[23] 稳定

6.禁配物[24] 强氧化剂、强还原剂、碱

7.聚合危害[25] 不聚合

其它信息:

1.性状:无色透明易流动液体,有芳香气味,极易挥发。[1]

2.熔点(℃):-95[2]

3.沸点(℃):56.5[3]

4.相对密度(水=1):0.80[4]

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):2.00[5]

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):24(20℃)[6]

7.燃烧热(kJ/mol):-1788.7[7]

8.临界温度(℃):235.5[8]

9.临界压力(MPa):4.72[9]

10.辛醇/水分配系数:-0.24[10]

11.闪点(℃):-18(CC);-9.4(OC)[11]

12.引燃温度(℃):465[12]

13.爆炸上限(%):13.0[13]

14.爆炸下限(%):2.2[14]

15.溶解性:与水混溶,可混溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、油类、烃类等多数有机溶剂。[15]

16.折射率(n20ºC):1.3589

17.折射率(n25ºC):1.3560

18.黏度(mPa·s,25ºC):0.316

19.比旋光度(º,c=3, 氯仿中):+199.3

20.蒸发热(KJ/mol,56.1ºC):29.11

21.熔化热(KJ/mol,15ºC):5.72

22.生成热(KJ/mol,25ºC,液体):246.98

23.燃烧热(KJ/mol,25ºC,液体):1791.0

24.比热容(KJ/(kg·K),25ºC,定压,气体):1.28

25.沸点上升常数:1.71

26.电导率(S/m,25ºC):5.8×10-8

27.热导率(W/(m·K),室温):1.9762

28.体膨胀系数(K-1,20ºC):0.00144

29.体膨胀系数(K-1,0~100ºC平均):0.00162

30.临界密度(g·cm-3):0.273

31.临界体积(cm3·mol-1):213

32.临界压缩因子:0.237

33.偏心因子:0.306

34.Lennard-Jones参数(A):5.1864

35.Lennard-Jones参数(K):148.07

36.溶度参数(J·cm-3)0.5:19.774

37.van der Waals面积(cm2·mol-1):5.840×109

38.van der Waals体积(cm3·mol-1):39.040

39.气相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-1820.7

40.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :-217.3

41.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :295.46

42.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-152.8

43.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):74.52

44.液相标准燃烧热(焓)(kJ·mol-1):-1861.5

45.液相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):-248.1

46.液相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :200.0

47.液相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):-155.2

48.液相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):126.6

毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
AL3150000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Acetone
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
67-64-1
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
80
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C3-H6-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
58.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
1V1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
TYPE OF TEST :
Open irritation test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
2857 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
2857 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
440 ug/m3/6M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
10 mg/m3/6H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other carbohydrates
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ppm
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
12000 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Behavioral - muscle weakness
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
1159 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
50100 mg/m3/8H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - muscle weakness Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - renal function tests depressed
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
44 gm/m3/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1297 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
8 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - coma Musculoskeletal - joints
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
8 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Gastrointestinal - alteration in gastric secretion
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
5340 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
20 mL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1576 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
>9400 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
273 gm/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Blood - normocytic anemia
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
19000 ppm/3H/8W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
199 mg/m3/8H/45D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
546 gm/kg/13W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
273 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 13 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
31500 ug/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Fibroblast
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,623,1984 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 1782 mg/m3 (750 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 1188 mg/m3 (500 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,3,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 500 ppm (1185 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 750 ppm (1780 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 750 ppm (1780 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 250 ppm (600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 500 ppm (1200 mg/m3);STEL 625 ppm (1500 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 750 ppm (1800 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 600 mg/m3;STEL 1200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-INDIA:TWA 750 ppm (1780 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm (2375 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 200 ppm (470 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 750 ppm (1780 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 200 ppm;STEL 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 250 ppm (600 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm (1200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 750 ppm (1780 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3);STEL 1250 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACETONE-air:10H TWA 250 ppmREFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 02820 No. of Facilities: 99713 (estimated) No. of Industries: 350 No. of Occupations: 188 No. of Employees: 1287794 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 02820 No. of Facilities: 97342 (estimated) No. of Industries: 358 No. of Occupations: 215 No. of Employees: 1740164 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 540313 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性[16]

LD50:5800mg/kg(大鼠经口);5340mg/kg(兔经口)

2.刺激性[17]

家兔经皮:395mg,轻度刺激(开放性刺激试验)。

家兔经眼:20mg,重度刺激。

3.亚急性与慢性毒性[18] 大鼠7.22g/m3,每天8h吸入染毒,共20个月,未发现临床及组织病理学改变。

4.致突变性[19] 细胞遗传学分析:酿酒酵母菌200mmol管。性染色体缺失和不分离:小鼠吸入12g/L。

生态数据:

1.生态毒性[20]

LC50:4740~6330mg/L(96h)(虹鳟鱼);10mg/L(48h)(水蚤);2100mg/L(48h)(卤虫)

LD50:5000mg/L(24h)(金鱼)

EC50:8600mg/L(5min)(发光菌,Microtox毒性测试);10mg/L(48h)(水蚤)

2.生物降解性[21]

好氧生物降解(h):24~168

厌氧生物降解(h):96~672

3.非生物降解性[22]

水相光解半衰期(h):270

水中光氧化半衰期(h):9.92×104~3.97×106

空气中光氧化半衰期(h):279~2790

MSDS

国标编号: 31025
CAS: 67-64-1
中文名称: 丙酮
英文名称: acetone
别 名: 二甲(基)酮;阿西通
分子式: C3H6O;CH3COCH3
分子量: 58.08
熔 点: -94.6℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)0.80;
蒸汽压: -20℃
溶解性: 与水混溶,可混溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿、油类、烃类等多
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色透明易流动液体,有芳香气味,极易挥发
危险标记: 7(低闪点易燃液体)
用 途: 基本的有机原料和低沸点溶剂

2.对环境的影响:

一、健康危害

侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。  健康危害:急性中毒主要表现为对中枢神经系统的麻醉作用,出现乏力、恶心、头痛、头晕、易激动。重者发生呕吐、气急、痉挛,甚至昏迷。对眼、鼻、喉有刺激性。口服后,口唇、咽喉有烧灼感,然后出现口干、呕吐、昏迷、酸中毒和酮症。  慢性影响:长期接触该品出现眩晕、灼烧感、咽炎、支气管炎、乏力、易激动等。皮肤长期接触可致皮炎。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性:属低毒类。  急性毒性:LD505800mg/kg(大鼠经口);20000mg/kg(兔经皮);人吸入12000ppm×4小时,最小中毒浓度。人经口200ml,昏迷,12小时恢复。  刺激性:家兔经眼:3950µg,重度刺激。家兔经皮开放性刺激试验:395mg,轻度刺激。  致突变性:细胞遗传学分析:拷贝酒酵母菌200mmol/管。  对生物降解的影响:水中含量4g/L以上时污泥消化受到抑制。水中含量840mg/L时,活性污泥对氨氮的硝化作用降低75%。

危险特性:其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物。遇明火、高热极易燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂能发生强烈反应。其蒸气比空气重,能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方,遇明火会引着回燃。若遇高热,容器内压增大,有开裂和爆炸的危险。  燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳。

3.现场应急监测方法:

气体检测管法;便携式气相色谱法;直接进水样气相色谱法快速比色法《化工企业空气中有害物质测定方法》,化学工业出版社气体速测管(北京劳保所产品、德国德尔格公司产品)

4.实验室监测方法:

气相色谱法《空气和废气监测分析方法》,国家环保局编糖醛比色法《空气和废气监测分析方法》,国家环保局编

5.环境标准:
中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度400mg/m3
中国(TJ36-79)居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许浓度0.80mg/m3(一次值)
 嗅觉阈浓度1.2~2.44mg/m3
6.应急处理处置方法:

一、泄漏应急处理

迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至安全区,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿消防防护服。尽可能切断泄漏源。防止进入下水道、排洪沟等限制性空间。小量泄漏:用砂土或其它不燃材料吸附或吸收。也可以用大量水冲洗,洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏:构筑围堤或挖坑收容;用泡沫覆盖,降低蒸气灾害。用防爆泵转移至槽车或专用收集器内,回收或运至废物处理场所处置。  废弃物处置方法:建议用焚烧法处置。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护:空气中浓度超标时,佩戴过滤式防毒面具(半面罩)。眼睛防护:一般不需要特殊防护,高浓度接触时可戴化学安全防护眼镜。身体防护:穿防静电工作服。手防护:戴橡胶手套。 其它:工作现场严禁吸烟。注意个人清洁卫生。避免长期反复接触。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。 眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。就医。 吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 食入:饮足量温水,催吐,就医。

灭火方法:尽可能将容器从火场移至空旷处。喷水保持火场容器冷却,直至灭火结束。处在火场中的容器若已变色或从安全泄压装置中产生声音,必须马上撤离。灭火剂:泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。用水灭火无效。

分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率:15.97

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):75.1

3、等张比容(90.2K):156.5

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):18.8

5、极化率(10-24cm3):6.33

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):-0.1

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:2

6.拓扑分子极性表面积17.1

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:26.3

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

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