英语词典化工词典

hydrofluoric acid

hydrofluoric acid


  • 中文别名:氢氟酸
  • 中文释义:氢氟酸;氟化氢;氟氢酸
  • 英文别名:Hydrofluoric acid;
    Alsurf 45;
    Anhydrous hydrofluoric acid;
    Antisal 2b;
    Fluorhydric acid;
    Fluoric acid;
    Fluorine hydride (FH);
    Fluorine monohydride;
    G-C Hydrofluoride Gel;
    Hydrofluoric acid gas;
    Hydrogen fluoride;
    Hydrogen fluoride (HF);
    Hydrogen monofluoride;
    Porcelain Conditioner;
    SA-X;
    Ultradent Porcelain Etch;
    Urine Luck 6.3;
    Vita ceramic etch 
  • CAS No.:7664-39-3
  • 分子式:

    HF

  • 分子量:20.01
  • 精确分子量:20.00623
  • PSA:0.00000
  • MDL:MFCD00011346
  • InChI:InChI=1/FH/h1H/i/hD
  • 分子结构式:

物化性质

外观与性状:
无色气体带有一种辛辣气味
密度:
0.991 g/cm3
熔点:
-83.36 °C
沸点:
19.4 °C
闪点:
112°C
水溶解性:
soluble
蒸汽密度:
1.27 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与H发孔剂、碱类、氰化物、金属粉末分开存放
稳定性相关:

1.腐蚀性极强,能侵蚀玻璃和硅酸盐而生成气态的四氟化硅。极易挥发,置于空气中即冒白烟。与金属盐、氧化物、氢氧化物作用生成氟化物。遇金属能放出氢气,遇火星易引起爆炸或燃烧。不腐蚀聚乙烯、铅和白金。剧毒! 接触氢氟酸的人员应穿好防护。当皮肤接触氢氟酸时,应立即用大量水冲洗,严重时应送医院治疗。工作现场应注意通风。

2.化学性质:氟化氢对热稳定,加热到1000℃仅稍有分解。还原性在卤化氢中最小。其分子由于形成氢键而有缔合现象,室温下氟化氢气体是(HF)2和(HF)3的混合物。其水溶液显弱酸性。许多金属氟化物可与氟化氢形成稳定的二氟氢盐如NaHF2,KHF2等。完全干燥的氟化氢对多数金属或金属氧化物不起反应,可是在与金属氧化物的反应中由于产生微量的水使反应自动加速,称自催化反应。和某些非金属氧化物也有同样的反应。

3.剧毒。具有强腐蚀性,能烧伤皮肤并有渗透至骨骼的危险。对玻璃等硅酸盐有腐蚀作用,铂、橡胶、聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯等不受腐蚀。

4.对空气和湿气比较敏感。该试剂具有非常大的毒性和腐蚀性,必须带上防护面罩和手套后在通风效果非常好的通风橱中小心操作和使用。

5.稳定性[26] 稳定

6.禁配物[27] 易燃或可燃物

7.避免接触的条件[28] 潮湿空气

8.聚合危害[29] 不聚合

其它信息:

1.性状:无色气体,有刺激性气味。[11]

2.熔点(℃):-83.3[12]

3.沸点(℃):19.4[13]

4.相对密度(水=1):0.988[14]

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):0.7[15]

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):53.33(2.5℃)[16]

7.临界温度(℃):188[17]

8.临界压力(MPa):6.48[18]

9.辛醇/水分配系数:0.230[19]

10.溶解性:易溶于水、乙醇,微溶于乙醚。[20]

安全信息

外观与性状:
无色气体带有一种辛辣气味
密度:
0.991 g/cm3
熔点:
-83.36 °C
沸点:
19.4 °C
闪点:
112°C
水溶解性:
soluble
蒸汽密度:
1.27 (vs air)
存储条件/存储方法:
库房通风低温干燥,与H发孔剂、碱类、氰化物、金属粉末分开存放
稳定性相关:

1.腐蚀性极强,能侵蚀玻璃和硅酸盐而生成气态的四氟化硅。极易挥发,置于空气中即冒白烟。与金属盐、氧化物、氢氧化物作用生成氟化物。遇金属能放出氢气,遇火星易引起爆炸或燃烧。不腐蚀聚乙烯、铅和白金。剧毒! 接触氢氟酸的人员应穿好防护。当皮肤接触氢氟酸时,应立即用大量水冲洗,严重时应送医院治疗。工作现场应注意通风。

2.化学性质:氟化氢对热稳定,加热到1000℃仅稍有分解。还原性在卤化氢中最小。其分子由于形成氢键而有缔合现象,室温下氟化氢气体是(HF)2和(HF)3的混合物。其水溶液显弱酸性。许多金属氟化物可与氟化氢形成稳定的二氟氢盐如NaHF2,KHF2等。完全干燥的氟化氢对多数金属或金属氧化物不起反应,可是在与金属氧化物的反应中由于产生微量的水使反应自动加速,称自催化反应。和某些非金属氧化物也有同样的反应。

3.剧毒。具有强腐蚀性,能烧伤皮肤并有渗透至骨骼的危险。对玻璃等硅酸盐有腐蚀作用,铂、橡胶、聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯等不受腐蚀。

4.对空气和湿气比较敏感。该试剂具有非常大的毒性和腐蚀性,必须带上防护面罩和手套后在通风效果非常好的通风橱中小心操作和使用。

5.稳定性[26] 稳定

6.禁配物[27] 易燃或可燃物

7.避免接触的条件[28] 潮湿空气

8.聚合危害[29] 不聚合

其它信息:

1.性状:无色气体,有刺激性气味。[11]

2.熔点(℃):-83.3[12]

3.沸点(℃):19.4[13]

4.相对密度(水=1):0.988[14]

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):0.7[15]

6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):53.33(2.5℃)[16]

7.临界温度(℃):188[17]

8.临界压力(MPa):6.48[18]

9.辛醇/水分配系数:0.230[19]

10.溶解性:易溶于水、乙醇,微溶于乙醚。[20]

毒理性

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
MW7875000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Hydrofluoric acid
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
7664-39-3
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
54
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
F-H
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
20.01
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
H F

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/m3/1M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
143 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
50 ppm/30M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1276 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
342 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
1774 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Gastrointestinal - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
260 mg/m3/7H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
4327 ppm/15M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
112 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
300 ug/m3/24H/22W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
252 ug/m3/6H/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - monoamine oxidase Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
470 ug/m3/4H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
4980 ug/m3/4H
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-22 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - rat
REFERENCE :
CYGEDX Cytology and Genetics (English Translation). Translation of TGANAK. (Allerton Press Inc., 150 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10011) V.8- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9(1),40,1975 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-CL 2.3 mg/m3 (3 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMSSAQ Acta Medica Scandinavica, Supplement. (Almqvist & Wiksell, POB 45150, S-10430 Stockholm, Sweden) No.1-730, 1921-88. Volume(issue)/page/year: 400,5,1963 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 3 ppm (2 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,131,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 3 ppm CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 3 ppm (2 mg(F)/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 3 ppm (2 mg(F)/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 3 ppm (2 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 2 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:STEL 3 ppm (2.6 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 ppm (1.6 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:STEL 6 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:STEL 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 3 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 3 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 3 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 3 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 3 ppm (0.1 mg/m3);STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:STEL 2 ppm (1.7 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1.8 ppm (1.5 mg/m3);STEL 3.6 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 3 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3);STEL 6 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA ***NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO HYDROGEN FLUORIDE-air:10H TWA 3 ppm;STEL 6 ppmREFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 38550 No. of Facilities: 6590 (estimated) No. of Industries: 97 No. of Occupations: 68 No. of Employees: 68886 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 38550 No. of Facilities: 11332 (estimated) No. of Industries: 96 No. of Occupations: 89 No. of Employees: 189051 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 68792 (estimated)
毒理学数据:

生态数据:

1.生态毒性 暂无资料

2.生物降解性 暂无资料

3.非生物降解性 暂无资料

MSDS

国标编号: 81016
CAS: 7664-39-3
中文名称: 氢氟酸
英文名称: Hydrofluoric acid
别 名: 氟化氢溶液
分子式: HF
分子量: 20.01
熔 点: -83.1℃(纯)
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)1.26(7
蒸汽压:
溶解性: 与水混溶
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 无色透明有刺激性臭味的液体。商品为40%的水溶液
危险标记: 20(酸性腐蚀品)
用 途: 用作分析试剂、高纯氟化物的制备、玻璃蚀刻及电镀表面处理等。

2.对环境的影响: 一、健康危害 侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。 健康危害:对皮肤有强烈的腐蚀作用,能穿透皮肤向深层渗透,形成坏死和溃疡,且不易治愈。眼接触高浓度氢氟酸可引起角膜穿孔。接触其蒸气,可发生支气管炎、肺炎等。长期接触可发生呼吸道慢性炎症,引起牙周炎、氟骨病。 二、毒理学资料及环境行为 急性毒性:LC501276ppm,1小时(大鼠吸入) 亚急性和慢性毒性:家兔吸入33~41mg/m3,平均20mg/m3,经过1~5.5个月,可出现粘膜刺激,消瘦,呼吸困难,血红蛋白减少,网织红细胞增多,部分动物死亡。 致突变性:DNA损伤:黑胃果蝇吸入1300ppb(6周)。性染色体缺失和不分离:黑胃果蝇吸入2900ppb。 生殖毒性:大鼠吸入最低中毒浓度(TCL0):4980ug/m3(孕1~22天),引起死胎。 危险特性:腐蚀性极强。遇H发泡剂立即燃烧。能与普通金属发生反应,放出氢气而与空气形成爆炸性混合物。 燃烧(分解)产物:氟化氢。 3.现场应急监测方法:   4.实验室监测方法: 离子色谱法 超纯酸的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析[刊,英]/Paulsen P.J.;Beary E.S.;Bushee D.S.//Anal.Chem.-1988,60(10).-971~975 《分析化学文摘 》1990.4. 5.环境标准: 中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 1mg/m3[F] 6.应急处理处置方法: 一、泄漏应急处理 疏散泄漏污染区人员至安全区,禁止无关人员进入污染区,建议应急处理人员戴好面罩,穿化学防护服。不要直接接触泄漏物,在确保安全情况下堵漏。喷雾状水,减少蒸发。用沙土、干燥石灰或苏打灰混合,然后收集运至废物处理场所处置。也可以用大量水冲洗,经稀释的洗水放入废水系统。如大量泄漏,利用围堤收容,然后收集、转移、回收或无害处理后废弃。 二、防护措施 呼吸系统防护:可能接触其蒸气或烟雾时,必须佩戴防毒面具或供气式头盔。紧急事态抢救或逃生时,建议佩带自给式呼吸器。 眼睛防护:戴化学安全防护眼镜。 防护服:穿工作服(防腐材料制作)。 手防护:戴橡皮手套。 其它:工作后,淋浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服,洗后再用。保持良好的卫生习惯。 三、急救措施 皮肤接触:脱去污染的衣着,用流动清水冲洗10分钟或用2%碳酸氢钠溶液冲洗。若有灼伤,就医治疗。 眼睛接触:立即提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗至少15分钟。就医。 吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。呼吸困难时给输氧。给予2-4%碳酸氢钠溶液雾化吸入。就医。 食入:误服者给饮牛奶或蛋清。立即就医。 灭火方法:雾状水、泡沫。

分子结构与计算化学数据

分子结构数据

1、摩尔折射率:无可用的

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):无可用的

3、等张比容(90.2K):无可用的

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):无可用的

5、介电常数:无可用的

6、极化率:无可用的

7、单一同位素质量:20.006228 Da

8、标称质量:20 Da

9、平均质量:20.0063 Da

计算化学数据

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):0.6

2.氢键供体数量:1

3.氢键受体数量:1

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

7.重原子数量:1

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:0

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

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